Quantitation of surface roughness is difficult, if subtle, but
significant differences cause an uncommon variance. We used atomic
force microscopy to measure the surface roughness of polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) fibers before and after a 30 s plasma treatment
of 300 W. Samples were measured multiple times at different locations,
in four scan sizes. The surface roughness was expressed in terms of
nine roughness parameters. Despite the large number of data, simple
statistics was not able to detect significant differences in roughness
before and after plasma treatment. A factorial analysis of variance
(ANOVA) of the normalized data and a sum of ranking differences analysis
using four types of data preprocessing and their factorial ANOVA confirmed
that (i) the plasma treatment had roughened the PET fiber surface;
(ii) the roughness increases with the scanned area in the measured
range; and (iii) what the best roughness parameters are in discriminating
between surfaces before and after treatment. Although the compared
roughness estimators were on different scales, a roughness estimation
of the nanoscale surfaces was feasible, where other methods fail.
The presented methodology can be applied widely and unambiguously
for highly different method comparison tasks.