Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Human Health

Morabet, Rachida El

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.11509-x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Particulate matter comprises reactive gases, ions, metals, organic compounds, and particle carbon core. These fine particles are more hazardous than the coarser ones in terms of respiratory and cardiovascular effects in humans [52]. Research has shown that the inhalation of PM into human lungs can trigger complicated health problems such as asthma, lung cancer, aggravate asthma, reduced lung functionality, irritation in airways, coughing, difficult breathing, premature mortality in patients suffering from lung or heart disease, and other cardiovascular issues [52].…”

Section: Particulate Matter Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Biodiesel Combustion in Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Engine Emissions on the Sustainable Human–Environment Scenario

Ogunkunle

Ahmed

2021

Sustainability

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Air pollution is a precursor to many health issues such as difficulty breathing, asthma, lung and heart diseases, and cancer. This study presents a concise view of biodiesel combustion in mitigating pollutant emissions which are generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, thereby eliminating the negative effects on human health and the environment. Gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide are found to be major exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels. Excessive exposure to these pollutants was found to be a precursor to reductions in life expectancy via health complications in humans. Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector were found to be 24% of total annual emissions, 74.5% of which came from the combustion of fossil fuel in road vehicles. Biodiesel combustion in vehicular engines is established to be a control technology in reducing gaseous pollutants toward building a sustainable and healthy human–environment scenario. The emissions reduction index from the United States National Biodiesel Board showed that the combustion of biodiesel wholly as a transportation fuel decreased total hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon, and sulfur emissions by 67%, 80%, 48%, and 100%, respectively. Evaluation of emission results from topical literature strongly suggests that the use of biodiesel is effective in the reduction in pollutants, which is beneficial to human and environmental sustainability.

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Section: Particulate Matter Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Biodiesel Combustion in Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Engine Emissions on the Sustainable Human–Environment Scenario

Ogunkunle

Ahmed

2021

Sustainability

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“…Electrospinning is used to achieve the nanoscale diameters of nanofibers, with large specific surface areas and interconnected porous networks. , This method can fabricate polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (diameter ∼ 200 nm) used for air purification that can capture PM less than 2.5 mm in size (PM 2.5 ). , The nanofibers generated using this method possess enhanced filtration (>95%), optical transparency (up to 90%), low weight, and strong PM adhesion . To increase the properties of these nanofibers, their surface chemistry and mechanical properties are modified.…”

Section: Involvement Of Nanotechnology To Improve the Quality Of Face...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Facemasks during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Karmacharya

Kumar

Gulenko

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has transformed the daily lifestyles of people worldwide. COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic owing to its global spread, and technologies based on engineered materials that help to reduce the spread of infections have been reported. Nanotechnology present in materials with enhanced physicochemical properties and versatile chemical functionalization offer numerous ways to combat the disease. Facemasks are a reliable preventive measure, although they are not 100% effective against viral infections. Nonwoven materials, which are the key components of masks, act as barriers to the virus through filtration. However, there is a high chance of cross-infection because the used mask lacks virucidal properties and can become an additional source of infection. The combination of antiviral and filtration properties enhances the durability and reliability of masks, thereby reducing the likelihood of cross-infection. In this review, we focus on masks, from the manufacturing stage to practical applications, and their abilities to combat COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the impacts of masks on the environment, while considering safe industrial production in the future. Furthermore, we discuss available options for future research directions that do not negatively impact the environment.

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“…In this regard, advancements in nanotechnology may switch the consumption of conventional energy sources to renewable energy sources. [7,8] Numerous environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional fuels, such as wind, sun, biofuel, and hydroelectric, have been investigated. Sadly, even if the majority of clean energy source materials like solar and wind are abundant, they are still influenced by their geographical and corporeal dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in the Synthetic Mechanism and Surface Engineering of Transition Metal Selenides for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications

et al. 2023

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Novel catalytic materials are under investigation to find convincing energy alternatives. In this context, transition metal selenides (TMSes) are found to be feasible, ecofriendly, and effective electrocatalysts with futuristic characteristics. A deep and comprehensive investigation on metal selenides for energy conversion and storage application is summarized in this review article. Different methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, coprecipitation, hot injection, successive ionic layer adsorption reaction, polyol, and others can be used for the synthesis of metal selenides based electrocatalysts, with different morphologies and compositions. The morphology of metal selenides is strongly controlled by factors such as reaction time, temperature, pH of the reaction medium, and surfactant. The electrochemical applications of metal selenides are governed by morphology, active spots for reaction, surface engineering, and confinement. It is concluded that TMSes deliver high performance with large surface area, which is possible due to their porous or 3D morphology. The TMSes with multimetal or with doping metal/nonmetals perform better compared to single atoms. It is concluded that the reaction mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is a primary tool to better understand the system to develop more efficient catalysts for practical application.

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Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Human Health

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Overview of Biodiesel Combustion in Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Engine Emissions on the Sustainable Human–Environment Scenario

Overview of Biodiesel Combustion in Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Engine Emissions on the Sustainable Human–Environment Scenario

Advances in Facemasks during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Recent Advancements in the Synthetic Mechanism and Surface Engineering of Transition Metal Selenides for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications

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