Effects of osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of laxity and congruence in hip joints of Labrador Retrievers

Abstract

OBJECTIVE- To determine effects of hip joint osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of hip joint laxity and congruence. DESIGN- Longitudinal study. ANIMALS- 40 Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURES- Dogs were assigned to 2 groups based on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. Dogs in the osteoarthritis group were free of osteoarthritis at initial radiographic evaluation (t(1)) and developed osteoarthritis by a subsequent radiographic evaluation (t(2)). Dogs in the nonosteoarthritis group had no radiographic osteoarthritis at either evaluation. Hip joint laxity was quantified by use of the distraction index (DI) from a distraction radiographic view and use of the Norberg angle (NA) from a ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic view. The compression index (CI) from a compression radiographic view was used as a measure of joint congruence (concentricity). RESULTS- Hip joint laxity (NA or DI) did not change over time in the nonosteoarthritis group. Mean hip joint laxity (NA and DI) for the osteoarthritis group was greater at t(1) than for the nonosteoarthritis group. With the onset of osteoarthritis, mean NA decreased significantly and mean CI increased significantly, but mean DI remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE- No radiographic evidence for compensatory hip joint tightening associated with osteoarthritis was detected. Hip-extended radiography revealed that hip joints got looser with osteoarthritis and NA decreased. Hip joint laxity (DI) on distraction radiographs was unchanged by the onset of osteoarthritis and remained constant in the osteoarthritis and nonosteoarthritis groups at both evaluations. However, the CI increased with osteoarthritis, as reflected in nonzero indices (incongruence). The CI may be a valid marker for early hip joint osteoarthritis.

Effects of pelvis rotation on the projected radiographic position of the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum

“…The NA is currently one important classification criterion and has been adopted by the FCI, BVA/KC and many European kennel clubs (Genevois et al 2007;Skurkova et al 2010). Factors such as age, sedation or anaesthesia, osteoarthritis (Vandekerckhove et al 2003;Gold et al 2009) and pelvic rotation may influence NA scores (Genevois et al 2007;Skurkova et al 2010). In a previous study, using a canine-bone model with changes of between 0° and 30° of pelvic rotation along the short body axis, the NA in VDHE views did not change (Bausman and Wendelburg 2010).…”

“…Despite intensive research worldwide, a marker-assisted accurate canine HD diagnosis test is still lacking (Ginja et al 2015). HD is characterised by subluxation of the femoral heads and joint laxity (Lust et al 2001;Gold et al 2009), which often leads to secondary debilitating osteoarthritis, with consequent pain and reduction in joint function (Adams et al 2000;Tomlinson and Johnson 2000;Lust et al 2001;Ohlerth et al 2001;Culp et al 2006; Thompson et al 2007;Ginja et al 2009). Radiography remains the established imaging technique for HD diagnosis doi: 10.17221/127/2016-VETMED (Andronescu et al 2015;Ginja et al 2015) and is the only accepted tool in large-scale screening of dogs for HD, even though it does not accurately reflect the desired genetic pool (Fluckiger et al 1999).…”

Evaluation of a joint distractor to facilitate arthroscopy of the hip joint in dogs

“…The indices were calculated by dividing the distance between the acetabular and the femoral heads centres by the femoral head radius (NI and DI = d/r), obtaining a unitless number (Gold et al . ). In this way, several factors potentially influencing the result (size, age, magnification) are normalised to the femoral head radius.…”

El Pennhip modificado y la sinfisiodesis juvenil pubiana como prevención de displasia de cadera canina en las Fuerzas Armadas

“…A este respecto señalar que el Penn-hip se baraja como mejor prueba diagnóstica que la medición del ángulo de Norberg de forma aislada en una RX clásica ventrodorsal en hiperextensión. Varios estudios señalan que dicho ángulo de Norberg no es suficientemente predictivo de presentación de CHD y DJD, 11,19,21,22 pues conforme se desarrolla la osteoartrosis, el ángulo de Norberg disminuye 23 . Sin embargo, otros estudios refrendan que sirve para seleccionar progenitores para cría 24,25 .…”

“…Gold RM et al refiere que en articulaciones de cadera más laxas, el NA disminuye en perros con osteoartrosis en las RXs en hiperextensión, sin embargo, el índice de distracción no varía por el inicio de la OA y permanece constante independientemente de su presencia o inicio. Sí aparece, sin embargo, una mayor incongruencia articular en las RXs en compresión de manera que puede considerarse un marcador válido temprano de desarrollo de osteoartrosis 23 . Del mismo modo, existe una correlación moderada entre los resultados de la palpación de la articulación de la cadera y el índice de distracción, una correlación baja-moderada entre la palpación y los resultados de la OFA, y una negativa entre los resultados de la palpación y el ángulo de Norberg.…”