No abstract

This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a new silicone-based sealer (GuttaFlow Bioseal) in rat subcutaneous tissue and compared the results with those for GuttaFlow2 and AH Plus. Each of 16 Wistar rats received four subcutaneous tissue implants, namely, GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow2, AH Plus, and one empty polyethylene tube. Eight rats were euthanized at day 8 and the remaining eight at day 30. Histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed with a light microscope. Scores were established for inflammatory reaction, macrophage infiltrate, thickness of the fibrous capsule, and vascular changes. Differences between groups were assessed by using the Friedman test with Bonferroni correction. Histological analysis showed that GuttaFlow Bioseal had the lowest inflammatory reaction of all tested sealers at day 8. At day 30, the silicone-based sealers had similar inflammation profiles, but inflammation scores were nonsignificantly higher for AH Plus than for the negative control. The inflammatory reaction decreased from day 8 to day 30 in all sealers. GuttaFlow Bioseal had the most macrophage infiltrate. Under the present experimental conditions, GuttaFlow Bioseal induced limited inflammatory reactions at days 8 and 30, and initial inflammatory reactions to GuttaFlow2 and AH Plus subsided within 30 days. All tested sealers exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility at day 30 after subcutaneous implantation.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth to allow the reestablishment of a newly formed vital tissue and enable continued root development. The apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs) play an important role in physiologic root development and may also contribute to further root development during REPs. The goal of these case reports is to show evidence of the apical papilla survival and development, in human teeth with apical periodontitis, after REPs, with 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up. In the first case, an 11-year-old girl with acute apical abscess of tooth 15 was referred for a REP. Treatment was performed with an intracanal medication followed by induction of a blood clot and a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) cervical barrier. The 5-year follow-up showed an appreciable increase in root length as well as root canal thickness. In case 2, a 16-year-old girl was referred for endodontic treatment of tooth 21. The parents of the patient recalled a previous dental trauma (no specified on the patient records) on tooth 21 at age 7. The dental history reports a previous endodontic treatment failure and presence of a long-standing sinus tract. A mineralized tissue beyond the root apical portion could be seen at the preoperative X-ray. Nonsurgical root canal retreatment with an apical barrier was suggested as the treatment plan and accepted by the patient. After 2 weeks, the patient was recalled for a follow-up appointment presenting spontaneous pain, swelling, and sinus tract. Apical surgery was performed. Histopathological assessment of the apical root fragment collected showed the presence of dentin, cementum and pulp tissue, including odontoblasts. The 5-year follow-up depicted complete apical healing. The present case reports support survival and continued potential differentiation of the apical papilla after endodontic infection.

This series, to the best of our knowledge, has had the longest follow-up of neonates with critical pulmonary valve stenosis. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is a safe and effective treatment, and in our study 75% of the patients were exclusively treated using this technique.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a morbi-mortalidade hospitalar e a qualidade de vida de pacientes, acima de 70 anos de vida, submetidos à operação de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). Casuística e Métodos: No período de julho de 1992 a fevereiro de 2000, foram realizadas 507 CRM, no Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiovascular do Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares de Cascavel. Em 70 destes casos os pacientes tinham idade igual ou superior a 70 anos. Neste grupo predominou o sexo masculino, em 57% dos casos, e a idade média foi de 72,9 anos (70-85 anos). Vinte e seis pacientes apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica, 25 doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica importante, 17 diabete melito e 8 insuficiência renal crônica, no pré-operatório. Trinta e sete pacientes apresentavam infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) pré-operatório, sete haviam sido submetidos à angioplastia transluminal percutânea, sete apresentavam lesão de tronco de artéria coronária esquerda e um havia sido submetido à CRM anteriormente. Foram realizados 2,8 enxertos/ paciente, sendo usados condutos arteriais em 53% dos casos. Foi realizada endarterectomia em sete artérias, aneurismectomia de ventrículo esquerdo em sete pacientes e ventriculectomia parcial esquerda em um. A operação foi realizada em caráter de emergência em nove casos. Houve necessidade de contrapulsação aórtica em quatro pacientes. Resultados: O tempo médio de permanência na UTI e no hospital foi de 4 (1-24) e 12,2 (3-34) dias, respectivamente. A mortalidade hospitalar geral foi de 7,1%. Quando analisada por subgrupos, a mortalidade dos pacientes de 70 a 74 anos (57 casos) foi de 5,3%, e a dos últimos 35 casos de 2,8%. No pós-operatório imediato, as complicações mais freqüentes foram: insuficiência respiratória (10), arritmia atrial (7), alteração de conduta (6), infecção pulmonar (6), embolia pulmonar (5), síndrome de baixo débito (4), IAM (3), AVC (3), insuficiência renal aguda (4) e mediastinite (1). No seguimento tardio, quatro (6,1%) pacientes foram a óbito, dois deles por causas não cardíacas. Conclusão: Diante destes resultados, os autores acreditam que a CRM pode ser realizada em indivíduos com idade superior a 70 anos, com mortalidade semelhante ao grupo total de pacientes submetidos à operação de revascularização do miocárdio. Entretanto, considerandose as altas taxas de morbidade, há necessidade de indicação criteriosa e de preparo rigoroso para diminuir as complicações pós-operatórias. DESCRITORES: Coronariopatia, cirurgia. Revascularização miocárdica, mortalidade. Revascularização miocárdica, idoso.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic tilting along the long axis and femoral rotation on Norberg angle (NA), subluxation index (SI) and subluxation category (SC) in the standard ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) radiographical view on live animals. Study Type This was a retrospective clinical study. Materials and Methods Pairs of VDHE views, one adequately positioned and the other with pelvic tilting or femoral internal or external rotation, were compared for the NA, SI and SC. Results On the malpositioned pelvis set, on the underside the mean ± SD NA was 98.7 ± 6.1°, the SI was 0.27 ± 0.12 and the SC was 2.8 ± 0.8 versus, on the acceptable set, the NA was 99.2 ± 6.4° (p > 0.05), the SI was 0.25 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05) and the SC was 2.3 ± 0.9 (p < 0.05); on the malpositioned upperside, the NA was 102.1 ± 6.4°, the SI was 0.21 ± 0.14 and the SC was 1.7 ± 1.1 versus, on the acceptable positioned set, the NA was 100.8 ± 6.7° (p < 0.05), the SI was 0.24 ± 0.15 (p < 0.05) and the SC was 2.3 ± 1.2 (p < 0.05). Femoral internal or external rotation sets did not show significant differences between malpositioned and acceptable positioned sets (p > 0.05). Conclusions In clinical practice, pelvic tilting along the long axis in VDHE view results in non-favourable hip changes in the NA, SI and SC on the underside and favourable on the upperside, and the internal or external femoral rotation did not affect these variables.

Canine hip dysplasia is a debilitating hereditary orthopaedic disease with a high prevalence in dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the influence of internal or external rotation of the femur on the projected radiographic position of the patella within the trochlear groove, and on the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum in the standard ventrodorsal hip extended view, i.e., medial or lateral patella displacement, Norberg angle, femoral head subluxation index and femoral head subluxation category. Eleven adult dog cadavers of large and giant breeds were radiographed in standard ventrodorsal hip extended view and with internal and external femoral rotation. The medial and lateral patella displacement, Norberg angle, subluxation index and subluxation category variables were measured on radiographs, and analysed comparing the normal position with positions of different degrees of internal or external rotation of the femur. In the normal ventrodorsal hip extended view, the patella was centred within the distal femoral metaphysis (P &gt; 0.05). A mean ± SD internal femoral rotation of 16.0 ± 5.9° resulted in a medial patella index displacement of 0.23 ± 0.09, and a mean external femoral rotation of 17.9 ± 6.7° resulted in a lateral patella index displacement of 0.24 ± 0.1. The mean Norberg angle was 105.3 ± 4.3°, 107.7 ± 5.5° and 104.2 ± 4.3° (P &lt; 0.05); the subluxation index was 0.15 ± 0.06, 0.12 ± 0.05 and 0.18 ± 0.06 (P &lt; 0.05); the subluxation category was 1.55 ± 0.6, 1.46 ± 0.7 (P &gt; 0.05) and 1.96 ± 0.65 (P &lt; 0.05) in normal, internal and external femoral rotation ventrodorsal hip extended views, respectively. In conclusion, as the Norberg angle, subluxation index and subluxation category are parameters used for classification in the main international hip dysplasia scoring systems, adequate femoral position with the patella centred in the distal metaphysis is of uppermost importance to ensure the technical quality of radiographs.

* Medicamentos comercializados apenas em associações com outros anti-hipertensivos.** Dose máxima variável de acordo com a indicação médica.*** Retard, SR, ZOK, Oros, XL, LA, AP, SR e CD: formas farmacêuticas de liberação prolongada ou controlada.+ Alfa-1 e betabloqueador adrenérgico. ++ Betabloqueador e liberador de óxido nítrico.