Effects of organo-montmorillonite dispersion on thermal stability of epoxy resin nanocomposites

Guo, Baochun; Jia, Demin; Cai, Changgeng

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.03.027

Cited by 122 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The increase in the degradation onset temperature can be attributed to effects such as a decrease in permeability due to the so-called 'tortuous path' effect of the filler which delays the permeation of oxygen and the escape of volatile degradation products and also char formation [22,23]. In addition, there may be thermodynamic effects arising from the presence of the filler, as it has been shown that the activation energy of thermal degradation of epoxyclay nanocomposites increased with organoclay loading to a maximum around 4-6phr, decreasing rapidly at higher loadings up to 14phr [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and thermal characterisation of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites prepared from organoclays based on an amphoteric surfactant

McLauchlin

Thomas

2009

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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• This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in the journal Polymer Degredation and Stability. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication.A definitive version was subsequently pub- an organic content similar to that of the commercial organoclay were found to be of comparable thermal stability. XRDA analysis of the PLA-organoclay nano-composites showed that PLA intercalated the gallery space of both types of organoclay to similar extents and the increased spacing was confirmed by TEM. The thermal stabilities of the PLA-organoclay composites based on CAB-MMT were higher than those based on the commercial organoclay. Department of Materials

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that the carboxyl group in CAB-MMT organoclay can catalyse curing in epoxy resins [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and thermal characterisation of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites prepared from organoclays based on an amphoteric surfactant

McLauchlin

Thomas

2009

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Montmorillonite (MMT) frequently exhibit unexpected properties including reducing gas permeability, improved solvent resistance, and superior mechanical and enhance flameretardant properties [2]. Typically, clay minerals have a layered silicate structure about 1 nm in thickness and a high aspect ratio ranging from 100 to 1500 [3]. Naturally occurring montmorillonite is incompatible with most polymers because of its hydrophilic nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites

Chow¹

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by hand lay up method. In the previous work, the flexural and morphological properties of the epoxy/glass fiber/OMMT were studied. In this work, the epoxy nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water absorption tests. The exfoliation of OMMT in epoxy/glass fiber nanocomposites was detected by XRD. DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy was increased slightly in the presence of OMMT. Water uptake of epoxy was reduced by the addition of glass fiber and OMMT. The decrease of water absorption in epoxy is attributed to the increasing of tortuosity path for water penetration in the epoxy composites by the hybrid of glass fiber and OMMT.

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“…The char yield increased from 16.3% to 24.0% due to the effects of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 / NH 4 Cl treatment. It is well known that the char yield generated on a surface can act as a heat barrier and provide thermal insulation [14]. Therefore, it is expected that the increased char yield mitigated the lyocell fiber degradation.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…E a was calculated by the following equation derived from the Flynn, Wall, and Ozawa equations [14,15]: (4) where T r is the weight loss temperature and Ф is the heating rate (°C/min). C is a constant (0.4521).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an inorganic ammonium salt treatment on the flame-retardant performance of lyocell fibers

Kim¹,

Bai²,

In³

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

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Lyocell fibers are produced by dissolving cellulose in a N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/ water solution. The resulting cellulose/N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/water mixture is extruded through an orifice, drawn into an air gap, and then precipitated in a coagulation bath [1]. In contrast with rayon fibers, lyocell fibers have higher tenacity, a higher modulus, lower shrinkage when dried, and lower reductions of tenacity and the modulus when wet. Moreover, lyocell fibers are round and have molecular chains that are highly oriented along the fiber axis, and it is easy to control their fineness [2].However, lyocell fibers are often subjected to high temperatures, which can cause degradation of the fibers. When lyocell fibers are heated, they undergo a series of interrelated physical and chemical changes, including physical changes in weight, strength, color, and crystallinity. In addition, heat treatment can cause the material to move through different transitional phases and expand or contract, melt and recrystallize or undergo major structural changes [3].Thermal decomposition of the lyocell fibers leads to many kind of formations, such as solid residue, high-boiling point volatiles, and gaseous products. These kinds of products are formed through two competitive pathways. The first pathway involves many transformations, such as dehydration, rearrangement, carbonyl groups formation, the evolution of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the carbonaceous residue formation [4]. These phenomena take place rapidly in the presence of a variety of organic and inorganic catalysts, particularly Lewis acids, which catalyze the dehydration reactions. The second pathway competes with the first pathway and produces many oxygenated compounds and involves the thermal scission of glycosidic bonds between the glucopyranose units of cellulose [5]. These oxygenated compounds account for the majority of the weight loss of the solid residue. Therefore, it is important to control the reaction pathways during the initial pyrolysis stage to generate flame-retardant materials. Thus, flame-retardant enhanced lyocell fibers should be investigated for industrial applications. Recently, various treatment processes have been used to improve the flame-retardant properties of lyocell fibers. Because catalysts accelerate pyrolysis reactions, it is important to study the effects of catalysts on the pyrolysis of lyocell fibers. An effective catalyst should [6,7] decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the amounts of water and carbon dioxide produced during the reaction, and increase the amount of char formed.Therefore, it is important to control the reaction pathways during the initial stage of pyrolysis when generating flame-retardant materials. In this study, the effects of two different inorganic ammonium salts, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 Cl, on the flame-retardant properties of lyocell fibers were studied. Combining these salts could have a synergistic effect on the pyrolysis of lyocell fibers, including the induction of a slow pathway that invo...

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Effects of organo-montmorillonite dispersion on thermal stability of epoxy resin nanocomposites

Cited by 122 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation and thermal characterisation of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites prepared from organoclays based on an amphoteric surfactant

Preparation and thermal characterisation of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites prepared from organoclays based on an amphoteric surfactant

Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites

Effects of an inorganic ammonium salt treatment on the flame-retardant performance of lyocell fibers

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