Effects of orally administered delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in man

Hosko, Michael J.; Kochar, Mahendra S.; Wang, R. I. H.

doi:10.1002/cpt1973143344

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The study found no acute effect of THC on sleep characteristics the second night on the research unit (after at least 17.5 hours of abstinence). This finding is consistent with previous single‐dose human laboratory studies with 1.5–30 mg THC, but not with animal studies or clinical reports of somnolence associated with oral THC (dronabinol) use. It is possible that any sleep‐promoting effect of the initial oral THC doses (40 mg) was counteracted, and thereby masked, in our study (and in prior human laboratory studies) by the sleep disturbance engendered by admission to an unfamiliar environment (the research unit) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The approved product labeling for synthetic THC (dronabinol, Marinol® Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Marietta, GA) includes somnolence as a common side effect, reported in up to 10% of patients in clinical trials. However, human laboratory studies involving controlled administration of oral THC have not shown consistent effects on nighttime sleep latency or duration with single 1.5–30 mg doses, 20–40 mg daily for up to 14 days, or 210 mg daily for 16 days . Interpretation is limited by small sample sizes (2–10 subjects per study) and heterogeneity in degree of cannabis use at the time of study .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Around‐the‐clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers

et al. 2013

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Background and Objectives Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) promotes sleep in animals; clinical use of THC is associated with somnolence. Human laboratory studies of oral THC have not shown consistent effects on sleep. We prospectively evaluated self-reported sleep parameters during controlled oral THC administration to research volunteers. Methods Thirteen male chronic daily cannabis smokers (mean ± SD age 24.6± 3.7 years, self-reported smoking frequency of 5.5 ± 5.9 (range 1–24) joint-equivalents daily at study entry) were administered oral THC doses (20 mg) around-the-clock for 7 days (40–120 mg daily) starting the afternoon after admission. The St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was completed every morning. Plasma THC and 11-OH-THC (active metabolite) concentrations were measured in venous blood samples collected every evening. Changes in sleep characteristics over time and associations between sleep characteristics and plasma cannabinoid concentrations were evaluated with repeated measures mixed linear regression. Results Higher evening THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations were significantly associated with shorter sleep latency, less difficulty falling asleep, and more daytime sleep the following day. In contrast, the duration of calculated and self-reported nighttime sleep decreased slightly (3.54 and 5.34 minutes per night, respectively) but significantly during the study. Conclusions These findings suggest that tolerance to the somnolent effects of THC may have occurred, but results should be considered preliminary due to design limitations. Scientific Significance Somnolence from oral THC may dissipate with chronic, high-dose use. This has implications for patients who may take chronic oral THC for medicinal purposes, including cannabis dependence treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Around‐the‐clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers

et al. 2013

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“…As with the acute impairments in arm speed, balance ability both with and without the benefit of visual feedback was acutely impaired after concentrate use but normalized after 1 h. In agreement, early research with low-potency cannabis (48) showed impaired balance (wobble board) that worsened as the dose of THC increased. Similarly, Hosko et al (49) found decreased one-legged balance ability with eyes closed after administration of edible low-potency cannabis, consistent with our finding of impaired balance after high-potency cannabis use. Additionally, a study in experienced cannabis users also supports our findings with a general equilibrium score (as measured by body sway) increasing by ∼11% after smoking the highest dose of flower cannabis tested (3% THC) (27).…”

Section: Balance With and Without Visual Feedback Is Acutely Impaired After Cannabis Concentrate Usesupporting

confidence: 92%

Acute Effects of Cannabis Concentrate on Motor Control and Speed: Smartphone-Based Mobile Assessment

et al. 2021

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Background: The use of cannabis concentrate is dramatically rising and sparking major safety concerns. Cannabis concentrate contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potencies up to 90%, yet there has been little research on motor impairment after concentrate use (commonly referred to as “dabbing”). This study measured postural control and motor speed after the use of high potency concentrates in males and females.Methods: Experienced concentrate users (N = 65, Female: 46%, 17 ± 11 days/month of concentrate use) were assessed for motor performance in a mobile laboratory before, immediately after, and 1 h after ad-libitum cannabis concentrate use. Plasma levels of THC were obtained via venipuncture at each timepoint. We used a remotely deployable motor performance battery to assess arm and leg movement speed, index finger tapping rate, and balance. The sensors on a smart device (iPod Touch) attached to the participant provided quantitative measures of movement.Results: Arm speed slowed immediately after concentrate use and remained impaired after 1 h (p < 0.001), leg speed slowed 1 h after use (p = 0.033), and balance decreased immediately after concentrate use (eyes open: p = 0.017, eyes closed: p = 0.013) but not at 1 h post-use. These effects were not different between sexes and there was no effect of concentrate use on finger tapping speed. Acute changes in THC plasma levels after use of concentrates were minimally correlated with acute changes in balance performance.Conclusions: Use of cannabis concentrates in frequent users impairs movement speed and balance similarly in men and women. The motor impairment is largely uncorrelated with the change in THC plasma levels. These results warrant further refinement of cannabis impairment testing and encourage caution related to use of cannabis concentrates in work and driving settings.

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“…1 Indeed, early studies indicated that sleep may be modulated. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, these studies used various modes of administration, involved wide dose ranges, and were carried out in subjects of variable status with respect to their use of such drugs. Furthermore, the experimental designs were not amenable to analyses that could indicate the pharmacologic activity of individual substances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Nocturnal Sleep and Early-Morning Behavior in Young Adults

Nicholson¹,

Turner²,

Stone³

et al. 2004

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

264

167

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The effects of cannabis extracts on nocturnal sleep, early-morning performance, memory, and sleepiness were studied in 8 healthy volunteers (4 males, 4 females; 21 to 34 years). The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled with a 4-way crossover design. The 4 treatments were placebo, 15 mg Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 5 mg THC combined with 5 mg cannabidiol (CBD), and 15 mg THC combined with 15 mg CBD. These were formulated in 50:50 ethanol to propylene glycol and administered using an oromucosal spray during a 30-minute period from 10 pm. The electroencephalogram was recorded during the sleep period (11 pm to 7 am). Performance, sleep latency, and subjective assessments of sleepiness and mood were measured from 8:30 am (10 hours after drug administration). There were no effects of 15 mg THC on nocturnal sleep. With the concomitant administration of the drugs (5 mg THC and 5 mg CBD to 15 mg THC and 15 mg CBD), there was a decrease in stage 3 sleep, and with the higher dose combination, wakefulness was increased. The next day, with 15 mg THC, memory was impaired, sleep latency was reduced, and the subjects reported increased sleepiness and changes in mood. With the lower dose combination, reaction time was faster on the digit recall task, and with the higher dose combination, subjects reported increased sleepiness and changes in mood. Fifteen milligrams THC would appear to be sedative, while 15 mg CBD appears to have alerting properties as it increased awake activity during sleep and counteracted the residual sedative activity of 15 mg THC.

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Effects of orally administered delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in man

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Around‐the‐clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers

Around‐the‐clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers

Acute Effects of Cannabis Concentrate on Motor Control and Speed: Smartphone-Based Mobile Assessment

Effect of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Nocturnal Sleep and Early-Morning Behavior in Young Adults

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