Effects of Oral Probiotics on Subjective Halitosis, Oral Health, and Psychosocial Health of College Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Abstract

Altogether, 81% of Korean college students experience halitosis and concomitant psychosocial problems such as depression and lowered self-esteem, as well as poor oral-health-related quality of life. Although halitosis causes many social and psychological problems among college students, there have been no reports of improvement interventions. This study aimed to identify the effects of ingesting tablets of the oral probiotic Weissella cibaria CMU (Chonnam Medical University, Gwangju, Korea) on halitosis and examine its effects on psychosocial indicators. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. They ingested W. cibaria CMU or the placebo, depending on which group they belonged to, before going to bed daily for eight weeks. The measured indicators were subjective halitosis, subjective oral-health status, depression, self-esteem, and oral-health-related quality of life. Measurements were at baseline and eight weeks later. The participants showed statistically significant differences in subjective halitosis and oral-health-related quality of life. For college students with halitosis, intake of the oral probiotic for eight weeks could be a useful nursing intervention for reducing halitosis and improving oral-health-related quality of life.

Oral Health Interventions in Patients with a Mental Health Disorder: A Scoping Review with Critical Appraisal of the Literature

“…This highlights the proactive approach for clinical and home management through the use of mechanical or ultrasonic toothbrushes in outpatients and inpatients with a mental health disorder. Furthermore, a recent study on students of Lee et al [64] showed that ingestion of the oral probiotic Weissella cibaria can help reduce subjective halitosis and improve oral-health-related quality of life. However, this was not tested as intervention in patients with a mental health disorder.…”

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Acidogenic Potential of Dental Biofilms through a Tablet Containing Weissella cibaria CMU

“…Jang et al [ 29 ] reported that W. cibaria CMU had the lowest risk of dental caries because its PAV was higher than that of other oral probiotics, i.e., Lactobacillus salivarius , Lactobacillus reuteri , and Streptococcus salivarius [ 30 ]. Moreover, it has been reported from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that W. cibaria CMU is a beneficial oral probiotic that improves oral health [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In particular, in an in vitro study, S. mutans converted the process of making water-insoluble glucans using sugar into water-soluble dextran to suppress the formation of biofilm [ 30 ].…”

The effect of probiotics on depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails

“…Twelve studies investigated the effect of probiotics in healthy patients (Chung et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2021;Messaoudi et al, 2011;Mohammadi et al, 2016;Nishida et al, 2019;Nishihira et al, 2014;Östlund-Lagerström et al, 2016;Romijn et al, 2017;Siegel & Conklin, 2020;Smith-ryan et al, n.d.;Steenbergen et al, 2015;Venkataraman et al, 2021). In terms of clinical diagnoses, five studies used a sample of patients diagnosed with MDD (Akkasheh et al, 2016;Chahwan et al, 2019;Ghorbani et al, 2018;Kazemi et al, 2019;Reininghaus et al, 2020), two studies included women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS) (Jamilian et al, 2018;Ostadmohammadi et al, 2019) two studies integrated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (Raygan et al, 2018(Raygan et al, , 2019, two studies included a sample of pregnant women (Dawe et al, 2020;Slykerman et al, 2017), one study comprised patients with myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, (Moludi et al, 2019) one article included patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (Moludi et al, 2021) and one study included patients with fibromyalgia, (Roman et al, 2018).…”