Effects of Oral Potassium on Blood Pressure

Whelton, Paul K.; He, Jiang; Cutler, Jeffrey A.; Brancati, Frederick L.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Follmann, Dean; Klag, Michael J.

doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540440058033

Cited by 806 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…A recent meta-analysis, however, reported that an increased potassium intake had no statistically significant effect on BP [28]. And yet, other meta-analyses reported that an increased potassium intake lowered BP in patients both with and without hypertension [8, 29-30]. A WHO-sponsored study [31] showed an added complexity of the relationship between potassium and BP, as it found that potassium intake was negatively associated with both SBP and DBP in Tibetan participants but was positively associated with SBP and DBP in Han participants (Han is the majority ethnicity in China).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Usual 24-Hour Sodium and Potassium Intakes with Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension among Adults in China’s Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces

Chen

et al. 2017

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: High sodium intake and low intake of potassium can increase blood pressure (BP) and risk of developing hypertension. Few studies have examined the association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and BP or risk of hypertension in China, and most used only a single 24-h urinary sample. Methods: We analyzed data on 2281 participants aged 18-69 years by using two 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions from the supplemental baseline survey of the Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH) project. We used measurement error models to estimate usual intakes, multivariable linear regression to assess their association with B P, and logistic regression to estimate the risk of hypertension. Results: The average usual intakes of sodium and potassium, and the mean sodium-potassium ratio, were 166.9 mmol/day, 25.3 mmol/day, and 6.8, respectively. All three measures were significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), with an increase of 1.39 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44─2.34) in SBP and 0.94 mmHg (95% CI 0.34─1.55) in DBP for a 1-standard deviation (SD) (25.6mmol/day) increase in sodium intake, a decrease of 1.42 mmHg (95% CI -2.37─ -0.47) in SBP and 0.91 mmHg (95% CI -1.52─ -0.30) in DBP for a 1-SD (3.4 mmol/day) increase in potassium intake, and an increase of 0.97 mmHg (95% CI 0.36─1.58) in SBP and of 0.65 mmHg (95% CI 0.26─1.04) in DBP per unit increase in the sodium-to-potassium ratio. The adjusted odds ratios comparing the risk of hypertension among adults in the highest with those in the lowest quintile differ significantly for potassium (0.51; 95% CI 0.29─0.88) and sodium-to-potassium ratio (1.40; 95% CI 1.01─1.94). Conclusions: Our results suggested that higher sodium and lower potassium intakes are associated with increased BP and risk of hypertension in the Shandong and Jiangsu adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Usual 24-Hour Sodium and Potassium Intakes with Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension among Adults in China’s Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces

Chen

et al. 2017

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…Observational epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and BP [8,18,27]. Clinical trials have documented that potassium supplementation reduced BP in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects [8,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical trials have documented that potassium supplementation reduced BP in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects [8,18]. The BP-lowering effect of potassium supplementation might vary among individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among environmental determinants, high dietary salt and low potassium intake are the most important risk factors for hypertension [4,5]. High dietary salt and low potassium intake have been associated with an increased blood pressure (BP) in animal experiments, observational epidemiologic studies, and randomized controlled clinical trials [6,7,8]. However, there is substantial scientific evidence suggesting that BP responses to dietary salt or potassium intake vary considerably among individuals [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High dietary salt and low potassium intake have been associated with an increased blood pressure (BP) in animal experiments, observational epidemiologic studies, and randomized controlled clinical trials [6,7,8]. However, there is substantial scientific evidence suggesting that BP responses to dietary salt or potassium intake vary considerably among individuals [8,9]. The variation in salt or potassium sensitivity of BP might be partially determined by an individual's genetic predisposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic Variants in Renalase and Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Salt and Potassium Interventions: A Family-Based Association Study

Wang¹,

Chu²,

Ren³

et al. 2014

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Renalase (gene name RNLS), a recently discovered enzyme with monoamine oxidase activity, is implicated in the degradation of catecholamines. Recent studies indicate that common variations in the gene with RNLS are associated with hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the association between genetic variants in RNLS and blood pressure (BP) responses to strict dietary interventions of salt and potassium intake. Methods: A total of 334 subjects from 124 families were selected and sequentially maintained on a low-salt diet for 7 days (3.0 g/day, NaCl), then a high-salt diet for 7 days (18.0 g/day, NaCl), high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days (4.5 g/day, KCl). Results: SNPs rs919115 and rs792205 of the RNLS gene were significantly associated with diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to high-salt intervention. In addition, rs12356177 was significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP) and DBP responses to low-salt diet, and SBP, DBP or MAP during the high-salt intervention. Unfortunately, no associations for the 7 RNLS SNPs with BP response to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation reached nominal statistical significance. Conclusions: This family-based study indicates that genetic variants in the RNLS gene are significantly associated with BP responses to dietary salt intake.

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Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure

et al. 1999

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Objective: To determine the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure in subgroups.Methods: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) was a randomized controlled feeding study conducted at 4 academic medical centers. Participants were 459 adults with untreated systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 to 95 mm Hg. For 3 weeks, participants were fed a "control" diet. They were then randomized to 8 weeks of (1) control diet; (2) a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; or (3) a combination diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, and reduced in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol (the DASH combination diet). Weight and salt intake were held constant. Change in diastolic blood pressure was the primary outcome variable, and systolic blood pressure a secondary outcome. Subgroups analyzed included race, sex, age, body mass index, years of education, income, physical activity, alcohol intake, and hypertension status.

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Effects of Oral Potassium on Blood Pressure

Cited by 806 publications

References 71 publications

Associations of Usual 24-Hour Sodium and Potassium Intakes with Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension among Adults in China’s Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces

Associations of Usual 24-Hour Sodium and Potassium Intakes with Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension among Adults in China’s Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces

Genetic Variants in Renalase and Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Salt and Potassium Interventions: A Family-Based Association Study

Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure

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