Effects of Oral Ingestion of Amino Acids and Proteins on the Somatotropic Axis

Vught, Anneke van; Nieuwenhuizen, Arie G.; Brummer, Robert Jan; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1784

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our previous work, we found that soy stimulates the GH secretion to a higher extent than a mixture of ARG and LYS, which indicates that also other AAs than ARG and LYS are involved in the GH secretion (van Vught et al, 2008). This result is confirmed by this study, showing that a-lactalbumin and milk also increase the GH response, but in IAUC and peak not different from soy.…”

Section: Somatotropic Effects Of Different Proteins Ajah Van Vught Et Alsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Especially ingestion of the combination of the AAs arginine (ARG) and lysine (LYS) in a ratio of 1:1 was found to be a potent GH secretor (Isidori et al, 1981). Previously we found that ingestion of soy protein (SOY), containing relatively high amounts of ARG and LYS in approximately equal amounts, stimulates the GH secretion twofold more compared with a mixture of ARG and LYS (van Vught et al, 2008). From this, it can be concluded that besides ARG and LYS, also other AAs stimulate the somatotropic axis, as indeed was shown for the AAs methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, glycine and glutamic acid (Knopf et al, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of growth and body composition. It has been shown that GH release can be promoted by administration of various amino acids (AAs), such as arginine and lysine, that are present in soy protein. We previously showed that oral ingestion of soy protein stimulates the GH release, it is not known however to which extent other proteins stimulate the GH secretion. Subjects/Methods: Ingestion of soy protein (soy), gelatin protein (gelatin), a-lactalbumin protein (a-lactalbumin) and milk protein (milk) were compared on their GH-stimulating capacity. After oral ingestion of protein (0.6 g protein per kg bodyweight), blood was sampled every 20 min for 5 h to analyze GH, AA, insulin and glucose concentrations. The study was performed in eight healthy women (aged 19-26 years; body mass index 19-26 kg/m 2 ) in a randomized, single blind, placebocontrolled crossover design. Results: GH responses were more increased after ingestion of gelatine (8.2 ± 1.1 mg/l) compared with ingestion of soy, a-lactalbumin and milk (5.0±0.8, 4.5±0.6 and 6.4±1.0 mg/l, respectively) (Po0.05). After ingestion of each protein, GH responses were higher compared with placebo ingestion (Po0.05). Simultaneously ingestion of gelatin resulted in the highest serum-arginine concentrations (ARG) compared with after ingestion of the other proteins (Po0.05). Insulin as well as glucose concentrations were not different after ingestion of the various proteins (Po0.05). Conclusions: The GH-promoting activity of protein depends on the protein source, in that, gelatin protein is the most potent GH stimulator. Arginine may be the responsible AA in the GH-promoting effect of gelatin, although each protein may have its own specific AA-spectrum involved in the stimulation of the somatotropic axis.

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Section: Somatotropic Effects Of Different Proteins Ajah Van Vught Et Alsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk

et al. 2010

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“…GH is an important regulator of growth and body composition. Through GH receptor (GHR) pathway (Kita et al, 2005) GH promotes synthesis and release of IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor 1) (van Vught et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary methionine effects on IGF-I and GHR mRNA expression in broilers

Gasparino

Ar³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate liver and breast muscle insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression between broilers fed different methionine levels and sources. Broiler chicks were 22 to 42 days old, distributed in 5 treatments (control diet, DL1 -0.08% DL-methionine, DL2 -0.24% DL-methionine, MHA-FA1 -0.11% methionine hydroxy analoguefree acid, and MHA-FA2 -0.33% methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid). The broilers were euthanized by cervical dislocation. RNA was extracted from liver and breast muscle, followed by cDNA synthesis and amplification using qRT-PCR. DL2 methionine supplementation provided best animal performance results. GHR and IGF-I gene expression in the muscle tissue was not affected by methionine supplementation. IGF-I gene expression in the liver was higher in animals fed methionine supplementation than in animals fed control diet. IGF-I mRNA levels in broilers fed DL2 were greater than DL1 (1.56 vs 0.97 AU) and greater than MAH-FA1 and MAH-FA2. Broilers 6415 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (4): 6414-6423 (2013) Gene expression in broilers fed DL2 increased significantly GHR gene expression in the liver than animals fed the control diet. Addition of methionine improved animal performance by stimulating synthesis and release of growth factor.

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“…IV administration of ornithine stimulates GH release as well (Evain-Brion et al 1982). The stimulatory effect of these AA on GH secretion is also evident upon oral administration (Chromiak and Antonio 2002), suggesting a role of dietary AA in the regulation of plasma GH concentrations (van Vught et al 2008;Isidori et al 1981). CAA depletion could also compromise IGF-1 production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A correlation between LPI and GHD was also postulated because of the known interaction between the amino acids (AA) arginine, ornithine, and lysine and GH secretion (Alba-Roth et al 1988;Knopf et al 1965;van Vught et al 2008;Isidori et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Deficiency and Lysinuric Protein Intolerance: Case Report and Review of the Literature

et al. 2014

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Background: Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI; MIM# 222700) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a defective cationic amino acids (CAA) membrane transport leading to decreased circulating plasma CAA levels and resulting in dysfunction of the urea cycle. Short stature is commonly observed in children with LPI and has been associated with protein malnutrition. A correlation between LPI and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has also been postulated because of the known interaction between the AA arginine, ornithine, and lysine and growth hormone (GH) secretion. Our report describes a case of GHD in an LPI patient, who has not presented a significant increase in growth velocity with recombinant-human GH (rhGH) therapy, suggesting some possible pathogenic mechanisms of growth failure.Case Presentation: The proband was a 6-year-old boy, diagnosed as suffering from LPI, erythrophagocytosis (HP) in bone marrow, and short stature. Two GH provocative tests revealed GHD. The patient started rhGH therapy and a controlled-protein diet initially with supplementation of oral arginine and then of citrulline. At 3-year follow-up, no significant increase in growth velocity and in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels was observed. Inadequate nutrition and low plasmatic levels of arginine, ornithine, lysine, and HP may have contributed to his poor growth. Conclusion:Our case suggests that growth failure in patients with GHD and LPI treated with rhGH could have a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Persistently low plasmatic levels of lysine, arginine, and ornithine, associated with dietary protein and caloric restriction and systemic inflammation, could determine a defect in coupling GH to IGF-1 production explaining why GH replacement therapy is not able to significantly improve growth impairment. We hypothesize that a better understanding of growth failure pathophysiology in these patients could lead to the development of more rational strategies to treat short stature in patients with LPI.

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Effects of Oral Ingestion of Amino Acids and Proteins on the Somatotropic Axis

Abstract: Ingestion of soy protein, either hydrolyzed or intact, as well as AAs reflecting soy protein, stimulates GH release to a similar extent.

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk

The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk

Dietary methionine effects on IGF-I and GHR mRNA expression in broilers

Growth Hormone Deficiency and Lysinuric Protein Intolerance: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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