Effects of Operational Strategies on Performance and Costs of Electric Energy Storage Systems

Schneider, Maximilian; Boras, Philo; Schaede, Hendrik; Quurck, Lukas; Rinderknecht, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.182

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this paper, in contrast to our previous work [24] and [19,20], a new control strategy that does not need forecast data and is valid only in the presence of a feed-in limit is developed. The novelty of the solution presented here compared to, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

2017

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High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) electricity could affect the stability of the low-voltage grid due to over-voltage and transformer overloading at times of peak production. Residential battery storage can smooth out those peaks and hence contribute to grid stability. A feed-in limit allows for the easy setting of a maximum power injection cap and motivates PV owners to increase their self-consumption. A simple control strategy for a residential battery system coupled with a PV system that maximizes selfconsumption and minimizes curtailment losses due to a feed-in limit is presented. The algorithm used in this strategy does not require a forecast of insulation conditions. The performance of this algorithm is compared to a second algorithm-a control strategy based on linear optimization using a forecast. Assuming an exact forecast, this second algorithm is very close to the maximum self-consumption and minimum curtailment losses achievable and can be used to benchmark the simple strategy. The results show that the simple strategy performs as well as the second algorithm with exact forecasts and performs significantly better than the second algorithm using real forecasts. Moreover, it is shown that this result is valid for a large range of storage capacities and PV sizes. Furthermore, it is shown that with a time resolution of 15 minutes for the input data (the resolution of most PV production and load data) self-consumption is overestimated by about 3 % and curtailment losses are underestimated by the same amount. Load sensitivity simulations show that different load curve shapes do not fundamentally change the results. Finally, to assess the effect of load aggregation, the case where the strategy is applied separately to 44 households with storage is compared to the case where it is applied to a centralized storage system of the same size as the total storage of the 44 households. The reduction of the curtailment losses with the number of aggregated houses is showed.Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), Home storage system, Battery management strategy, PV integration into the electrical grid Highlights• A control strategy for a battery system coupled with a PV system is presented.• With a feed-in limit this strategy does not need a PV production forecast.• This strategy performs as well as a strategy relying on an exact forecast.• A relatively small storage size allows peak injection reduction of 50 %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solutions based on exact (or perfect) forecasts are presented in [19,20]. However, forecast inaccuracies induce non-negligible changes in the performance of the systems [21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

2017

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“…Therefore, the resultant force F can be simply given by a subtraction [3,20,22,26] between its components F 1 and F 2 , as presented in Equation 10.…”

Section: Differential Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] Due to its operation characteristics, it is desirable that flywheels rotate at higher speeds and, if a long-term energy storage is needed, low-energy consumption during storage is required. [6,7,10] Thus, in the flywheels field, passive magnetic bearings are used as thrust bearings to support rotors whereas active magnetic bearings are employed as radial bearings to stabilize them. Another interest application of magnetic bearings can be found in medical devices such as artificial heart pumps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic actuators for controlling flexible cantilever beams

Martin

Mendes

Cavalca

2017

Struct Control Health Monit

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Electromagnetic actuators are very important for scientific and industrial applications. Their use may vary within a wide range of possibilities due to their most important feature: the ability to apply known and controllable forces to elements or structures without contact. In this article, an application within this range is analyzed: a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used with a pair of actuators to control the dynamic forced response of a flexible cantilever metallic beam and to keep it at a given reference position. In order to achieve this objective, both the actuators and the controller need to be adjusted. For the actuators, the main parameters evaluated consider mounting particularities, such as the differential assembly and the influence of the air-gap distance over the magnetic flux density and the magnetic force provided. Next, a brief review of PID controllers is pre- | INTRODUCTIONMagnetic actuators are components with a wide range of possibilities whose application field has been growing year after year. [1][2][3] In fact, the main feature of interest in these components is the ability to apply known and controllable forces over many types of elements and structures with no need of contact and no need of any kind of material medium. In this sense, magnetic actuators are a good alternative for common mechanical components. A simple example is a growing field of research and application on magnetic gears. [1,4] These gears offer clear advantages over their mechanical counterparts such as contactless torque transfer, lower maintenance, inherent overload protection, and physical isolation between input and output shafts, being suitable in a market that desires more efficient and reliable gears. Another example of magnetic actuators competing with mechanical devices occurs with magnetic bearings (both active and/ or passive). [1][2][3] These bearings also have some advantages [5] : besides allowing oil-free machines, magnetic bearings are frictionless (and therefore have low-power losses and no wear), allowing high rotational speed. Besides, the bearings can be remotely controlled and are good monitoring devices (because the bearing forces can be properly measured). Therefore, in the field of magnetic bearings, there are some interest applications. Among these, one may find flywheels for kinetic energy storage as peak power buffer units (i.e., for supplying energy on demand peaks) in vehicle applications, [1,6,7] in oil drilling platforms, [8] and even in electric power network applications. [9] Due to its operation characteristics, it is desirable that flywheels rotate at higher speeds and, if a long-term energy storage is needed, low-energy consumption during storage

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“…Several studies analyze the impact of batteries in a solar-powered system [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or in a hybrid energy system [18][19][20][21]. Additionally, the influence of a perfect PV generation forecast and, in particular, operational strategies of energy storage systems are discussed [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems on Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency of Residential Photovoltaic Systems

2015

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This paper analyzes the behavior of residential solar-powered electrical energy storage systems. For this purpose, a simulation model based on MATLAB/Simulink is developed. Investigating both short-time and seasonal hydrogen-based storage systems, simulations on the basis of real weather data are processed on a timescale of 15 min for a consideration period of 3 years. A sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to identify the most important system parameters concerning the proportion of consumption and the degree of self-sufficiency. Therefore, the influences of storage capacity and of storage efficiencies are discussed. A short-time storage system can increase the proportion of consumption by up to 35 percentage points compared to a self-consumption system without storage. However, the seasonal storing system uses almost the entire energy produced by the photovoltaic (PV) system (nearly 100% self-consumption). Thereby, the energy drawn from the grid can be reduced and a degree of self-sufficiency of about 90% is achieved. Based on these findings, some scenarios to reach self-sufficiency are analyzed. The results show that full self-sufficiency will be possible with a seasonal hydrogen-based storage system if PV area and initial storage level are appropriate.

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Effects of Operational Strategies on Performance and Costs of Electric Energy Storage Systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

Electromagnetic actuators for controlling flexible cantilever beams

Influence of Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems on Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency of Residential Photovoltaic Systems

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