Effects of operating parameters on algae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting and lipid extraction using metal sulfates as flocculants

Zhu, Linna; Hu, Tianyi; Li, Shuangxi; Nugroho, Yohanes Kristianto; Li, Baishan; Cao, Jun; Show, Pau Loke; Hiltunen, Erkki

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105433

Cited by 59 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been indicated that a much higher dosage (2.5 g/L) of ferric sulfate is required for harvesting freshwater algal strains (Chlorella sp. KR-1) than marine algal strains (0.9 g/L) (Zhu et al 2020). Furthermore, the occulation e ciency of marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) has been reported to be much higher than that of freshwater microalgae (C. vulgaris) at low dosage (2-16 mg/g dry biomass) of cationic polyacrylamide occulant (FO3801) (Nguyen et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline occulants cause occulation predominantly through sweeping mechanism (Besson et al 2019), while cationic polymer induces occulation mainly via bridging mechanism (Li et al 2018). In recent years, many studies had been conducted on harvesting microalgal biomass using occulants, including aluminium chloride, magnesium chloride, ferric sulfate, sodium hydroxide, chitosan, and cationic starch (Nayak et al 2019, Pandey et al 2019, Phasey et al 2017, Zhu et al 2020). However, these works had mainly focused on occulants screening and synthesis, occulation process optimization, and occulation equipment design, and the effects of different occulants on microalgal nutrition contents have not received extensive attention (Wang et al 2019, Zhu et al 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium

et al. 2020

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Microalgae are widely used in biofuels, medicine, food, and feed industries. However, harvesting microalgal biomass is a major di culty that hinders their industrial application. In this study, three occulants (ferric sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and chitosan) were used to harvest the marine microalga Chlorella vulgaris, and oc characteristics including occulation e ciency, concentration factor, and ocs morphology were studied. The results showed that the tested occulants can e ciently harvest C. vulgaris. The occulation e ciencies of ferric sulfate (0.9 g/L), sodium hydroxide (0.6 g/L), and chitosan (30 mg/L) were 93.4% ± 0.8%, 96.5% ± 0.6%, and 98.8% ± 1.3% within 70, 100, and 12 min, respectively. The total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contents in C. vulgaris were not in uenced by the test occulants after harvesting. When compared with fresh f/2 medium, the recycled medium could also e ciently support C. vulgaris growth. Among the three occulants tested, chitosan was ideal owing to its high e ciency, low dosage requirement, short harvesting time, and reutilization of culture medium.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium

et al. 2020

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“…Conversely, FeSO4 is an economical metal coagulant for wastewater. It was reported to obtain removal efficiencies of 57-86% in C. vulgaris culture with an initial concentration of 1.12 g L −1 [81]. With a 2.5 mg L −1 algal biomass in a urine supplemented culture, 300 mg L −1 of FeSO4 was reported to remove 65% of the biomass present [82].…”

Section: Harvestability Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Numerous studies have been conducted to remove algal suspensions from artificial media [77,81]. However, fewer studies focused on direct application in wastewater where algae were cultivated [76].…”

Section: Harvestability Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Two Indigenous Strains of Microalgal Chlorella sorokiniana in Cassava Biogas Effluent Focusing on Growth Rate, Removal Kinetics, and Harvestability

Padri

Boontian

Teaumroong

et al. 2021

Water

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Microalgae cultivation in wastewater is an emerging approach to remove its contaminants and generate microalgal biomass. This study aimed to screen and isolate potential strains in a cassava biogas effluent wastewater (CBEW) treatment system and produce algal biomass. Chlorella sorokiniana strains P21 and WB1DG were isolated from CBEW and found to grow by utilizing various carbon sources. Experiments conducted in a batch reactor using an unsterilized substrate were done to evaluate the nutrient removal and growth of isolated strains from CBEW. The results showed that C. sorokiniana P21 and WB1DG could achieve biomass accumulation of more than 2564 and 1301 mg L−1, respectively. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP), and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were found up to be 63.42, 91.68, and 70.66%, respectively, in a WB1DG culture and 73.78, 92.11, and 67.33%, respectively, in a P21 culture. Harvestability of the P21 strain was examined using several coagulant–flocculants. FeCl3 was found to remove more than 90% of the cells. Nutrient removal and growth rates resulting from these indigenous strains with application of untreated CBEW support the possibility of this strain being a promising candidate to couple a CBEW treatment and algal biomass generation with minimal process adjustment.

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“…Induction of flocculation can be performed with a variety of chemical methods (Figure 2C), based on synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamides, [ 30 ] salts (especially alum, ferric chloride, various sulfates, and sodium hydroxide), [ 31–33 ] or biologically derived materials (e.g., eggshells, chitosan, and plant‐derived compounds). [ 31,34 ] These approaches depend on a number of mechanisms to induce flocculation, including charge neutralization, electrostatic patch generation, bridging, and sweeping.…”

Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Microalgae for Food and Energy Products

et al. 2020

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their size and physiology, and they belong to many different phylogenetic groups that are distinct from plants. [1] Microalgae are the subset of algae that are unicellular and range in size from several to a few hundred micrometers. Most microalgae diversity resides in freshwater or marine systems. Microalgae can grow in extreme environments such as deserts and polar regions, [2] and often show greater efficiency in synthesizing bioproducts compared to land plants. [3] Moreover, algae produce oxygen and sequester the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide at globally relevant scales, [4] and account for half of the oceans' net primary production. [5] They grow fast and can produce high-value biomass. [6] While microalgae are phylogenetically diverse, most biotechnology interest applies to the green algae (Chlorophyceae), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), and Eustigmatophyceae (including Nannochloropsis), which are well-characterized species for valuable bioproducts. 1.2. Microalgae as Sustainable Biofactories Microalgae have the potential to produce large amounts of valuable products sustainably, since they do not require arable land and can be produced using seawater, wastewater, or brackish water. Reduction in environmental impacts of fuels and food products will be important for the mitigation of climate change. [7] Microalgae are also being used in powerplants as a means to capture carbon dioxide and sequester it into biomass, which may provide opportunities for large-scale production of carbon-neutral energy and products. [8] Vaccines and other pharmaceutical proteins are among the most high-value products that microalgae are used to produce, as well as effectively store and orally administer those products. [9] Other high-value products derived from microalgae include cosmetics, [10] food supplements and additives, [11] cooking oils, [12] and animal feed. [13,14] These have been developed as potentially more sustainable alternatives to synthetic or animal-derived products. Microalgae also provide feedstocks for biodiesel [15] and ethanol, [16] contributing to renewable and sustainable energy resource developments that may displace fossil fuels and food-derived fuels. Genetic and synthetic biology approaches can accelerate the development of microalgae strains capable of producing novel specialty products [17-19] or producing conventional products with improved lipid content, [20] growth rate, and production efficiency. [21,22] Unlike field-grown transgenic crops, multi ple Microalgae are promising biological factories for diverse natural products. Microalgae tout high productivity, and their biomass has value in industrial products ranging from biofuels, feedstocks, food additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as alternatives to synthetic or animal-derived products. However, harvesting microalgae to extract bioproducts is challenging given their small size and suspension in liquid growth media. In response, technologic developments have relied upon mechanical, chemical, thermal, and b...

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Effects of operating parameters on algae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting and lipid extraction using metal sulfates as flocculants

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium

Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium

Application of Two Indigenous Strains of Microalgal Chlorella sorokiniana in Cassava Biogas Effluent Focusing on Growth Rate, Removal Kinetics, and Harvestability

Harvesting Microalgae for Food and Energy Products

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