Effects of Oils Rich in Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acids on Fatty Acid Profile and Gene Expression in Goat Meat

Abstract

Alteration of the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of foods can result in a healthier product. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flaxseed oil or sunflower oil in the goat diet on fatty acid composition of muscle and expression of lipogenic genes in the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Twenty-one entire male Boer kid goats were fed diets containing different levels of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) for 100 days. Inclusion of flaxseed oil increased (p < 0.05) the α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) concentration in the ST muscle. The diet high in α-linolenic acid (p < 0.05) decreased the arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 content in the ST muscle. There was a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of PPARα and PPARγ gene expression and downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in the ST muscle for the high α-linolenic acid group compared with the low α-linolenic acid group. The results of the present study show that flaxseed oil as a source of α-linolenic acid can be incorporated into the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with n-3 fatty acids, upregulate the PPARα and PPARγ, and downregulate the SCD gene expression.

Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol and Oxidative Status in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle Fed Different Dietary Oil Sources and Calcium Levels

“…The total fatty acids were extracted from breast muscles based on the method Folch et al (1957), described by Loh et al (2009), and modified by Ebrahimi et al (2014), using chloroform : methanol (2 : 1, v/v) containing butylated hydrotoluene to prevent oxidation during sample preparation. The extracted fatty acids were transmethylated to their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using 0.66 N KOH in methanol and 14% methanolic boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo, USA) according to the methods by AOAC (1990).…”

Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers as new bioactive lipid compounds in ruminant-derived food products. A review

“…Linseed increased rumelenic acid content in intramuscular fat of steers fed both red clover silage (Mapiye et al, 2013a) and high-forage (Mapiye et al, 2013b) diets by 0.15 mg · g −1 tissue and 0.13 mg · g −1 tissue, respectively. Also, rumelenic acid was detected in the semitendinosus muscle of kid goat fed diet containing 1.30% linseed (0.41% FA) (Ebrahimi et al, 2014). In milk of cows fed diet with raw and extruded linseed CLnA constituted 0.15 and 0.18% of fatty acids, respectively in comparison to the control group, where CLnA content was under the rejection threshold (Akraim et al, 2007).…”

“…There are some studies indicating that incorporation of linseed (Mapiye et al, 2013a,b;Ebrahimi et al, 2014) and linseed oils (Bessa et al, 2007) into cattle and lamb diets may result in accretion of CLnA isomers in their tissues. Supplementation of lucerne basal diet with 7.4% of linseed oil lead to the occurrence of rumelenic acid in the longissimus thoracis muscle at the level of 329 mg · 100 g −1 FA (Bessa et al, 2007).…”

Ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation reduction potential of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf: anin vitrostudy

“…Fatty acid content of substrates (PL, AH and concentrate) and whole syringe contents before (0 h) and after fermentation (24 h) were determined based on the method of Folch et al (1957) with some modifications by Rajion et al (1985) as described by Ebrahimi et al (2014) using chloroform:methanol 2:1 (v/v) containing butylated hydroxytoluene to prevent oxidation during sample preparations. The extracted fatty acids were transmethylated to their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using 0.66N KOH in methanol and 14% methanolic boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) (Sigma Chemical Co. St. Louis, MO) according to the methods of AOAC (1990).…”