Effects of Nutrient Availability and Subsoil Bulk Density on Corn Yield and Nutrient Absorption

Miller, M. H.; Mitchell, W. A.; Stypa, M.; Barry, D. A. J.

doi:10.4141/cjss87-025

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…P HOSPHORUS nutrition of maize seedlings seemed to have a major influence on final yield in a maximum yield experiment conducted at the Elora Research Station, Ontario, Canada (Miller et al, 1987). When N and K fertility were adequate, Miller et al (1987) reported a major increase in maize yield in response toP fertility in excess of that recommended. Shoot P concentration and dry weight at the 5-to 6leafstage were increased by greater P fertility, and this improvement in seedling P nutrition seemed to lead to the yield response to P. It is therefore necessary to know the relationship between P concentration in the seedling and final yield of maize grown with adequate supplies of all other nutrients and water.…”

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Phosphorus Nutritional Requirement of Maize Seedlings for Maximum Yield

1989

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In a maximum yield experiment in Ontario, Canada, response of maize (Zea mays L.) to greater than recommended P fertilizer applications seemed to result mainly from improved P nutrition of seedlings. A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effect of P nutrition during the seedling stage on final yield. An outdoor, hydroponic system was used to vary P nutrition during growth and provide adequate levels of all other nutrients and water. Plants receiving the greatest or an intermediate P concentration solution bad P concentrations of 7.2 and 4.4 g kg-•, respectively, at the 6-leaf stage, whereas plants receiving the least P concentration solution had a shoot P concentration of 2.8 g kg-•. Plants that received the intermediate or least P solutions until the 6-leaf stage but then received the greatest P solution to maturity attained shoot P concentrations of at least 5.0 g kg-• 8 d after increasing the P solution concentration. Grain yield was greater on treatments receiving the greatest P solution from the beginning than from the 6-leaf stage (8.2 vs. 7.2 t ha-•), mainly because of a greater kernel number. Kernel number was most sensitive to P nutrition during the period from planting to the 6-leaf stage. A shoot P concentration of at least 5.0 g kg-• at the 6-leaf stage was required to obtain maximum yield.

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Phosphorus Nutritional Requirement of Maize Seedlings for Maximum Yield

1989

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“…It has been reported that some soils in southern Ontario respond to considerably higher rates of applied potassium than recommended by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF), based on K extracted with lN NHaOAc at pH 7.0 (Shongwe 1979;Richards 1985;Miller et al 1987; ). Richards (1985) and concluded that low availability of nonexchangeable K in some soils was responsible for the higher-than-expected yield response to K fertilization.…”

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Evaluation of Soil Extractants for the Prediction of Plant-Available Potassium in Ontario Soils

Liu¹,

Bates²

1990

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Research has shown that excessive values of soil strength can have detrimental effects on root growth and consequently crop yield (Bowen, 1981). Miller et al (1987) concluded that subsoil bulk density ranging from 1.5 to 1.8 Mg m -3 was not a factor limiting corn yield on a silt loam, if adequate water and nutrients were available. Schuler and Lowery (1986) reported corn yield decreases up to 40% due partially to subsoil compaction on silty clay.…”

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Root Volume and Dry Matter of Peanut Plants as a Function of Soil Bulk Density and Soil Water Stress.

Duruoha¹,

Piffer²,

Silva³

2008

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ROOT VOLUME AND DRY MATTER OF PEANUT PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL BULK DENSITY AND SOIL WATER STRESS. Charles Duruoha1; Cassio Roberto Piffer2; Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva21United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL - U.S.A., duruohan@juno.com2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 1 ABSTRACT Soil compaction may be defined as the pressing of soil to make it denser. Soil compaction makes the soil denser, decreases permeability of gas and water exchange as well as alterations in thermal relations, and increases mechanical strength of the soil. Compacted soil can restrict normal root development. Simulations of the root restricting layers in a greenhouse are necessary to develop a mechanism to alleviate soil compaction problems in these soils. The selection of three distinct bulk densities based on the standard proctor test is also an important factor to determine which bulk density restricts the root layer. This experiment aimed to assess peanut (Arachis hypogea) root volume and root dry matter as a function of bulk density and water stress. Three levels of soil density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6g cm-3), and two levels of the soil water content (70 and 90% of field capacity) were used. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized design, with four replications in a 3x2 factorial scheme. The result showed that peanut yield generally responded favorably to subsurface compaction in the presence of high mechanical impedance. This clearly indicates the ability of this root to penetrate the hardpan with less stress. Root volume was not affected by increase in soil bulk density and this mechanical impedance increased root volume when roots penetrated the barrier with less energy. Root growth below the compacted layer (hardpan), was impaired by the imposed barrier. This stress made it impossible for roots to grow well even in the presence of optimum soil water content. Generally soil water content of 70% field capacity (P<0.0001) enhanced greater root proliferation. Nonetheless, soil water content of 90% field capacity in some occasions proved better for root growth. Some of the discrepancies observed were that mechanical impedance is not a good indicator for measuring root growth restriction in greenhouse. Future research can be done using more levels of water to determine the lowest soil water level, which can inhibit plant growth. KEY WORDS: Soil compaction; water stress; soil bunk; root volume; root growth DURUOHA, C.; PIFFER, C. R.; SILVA, P. R. A. MATÉRIA SECA E VOLUME DE RAÍZES DE PLANTAS DE AMENDOIMEM FUNÇÃO DADENSIDADEE DO DÉFICIT DE ÁGUA DO SOLO. 2 RESUMO O conceito de compactação do solo não inclui apenas a redução do solo, mas também no resultante decréscimo em permeabilidade para trocas gasosas e água, assim como alterações em relação térmica e aumento na resistência mecânica do solo. Um solo compactado pode restringir o desenvolvimento radicular normal da planta. Simulações de camadas de restrição de raízes em casa de vegetação são necessárias para desenvolver mecanismos que reduzam problemas de compactação dos solos. A seleção de três diferentes densidades de solo, baseadas no ensaio de Proctor, é também um fator importante para determinar qual densidade restringe a penetração da raiz. O presente trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o volume e matéria seca radicular em função da densidade do solo e da disponibilidade hídrica em amendoim (Arachis hypogea). Foram utilizados três níveis de densidade do solo (1,2; 1,4 e1,6 gcm-3) e dois níveis de teor de água no solo (70 e 90% da capacidade de campo). Os tratamentos foram inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2). Os resultados sugerem que a produção de amendoim geralmente responde favoravelmente à compactação subsuperficial, na presença de impedância mecânica elevada. Este resultado claramente indica a habilidade da raiz em penetrar na camada de impedimento com menor densidade. O volume radicular não foi afetado pelo aumento da densidade do solo e esta impedância mecânica aumentou o volume radicular quando as raízes penetraram em barreiras com menor compactação. O crescimento radicular abaixo da camada compactada foi afetado pela barreira imposta. Esta compactação impossibilitou que as raízes crescessem mesmo na presença de teor de água ótimo. O teor de água de 70 % da capacidade de campo (P<0,0001) proporcionou maior proliferação radicular. Foi observado que a impedância mecânica não é um bom indicador para a avaliação da restrição de crescimento radicular no trabalho em casa de vegetação. UNITERMOS: compactação do solo, capacidade de campo e crescimento radicular.

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Effects of Nutrient Availability and Subsoil Bulk Density on Corn Yield and Nutrient Absorption

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Phosphorus Nutritional Requirement of Maize Seedlings for Maximum Yield

Phosphorus Nutritional Requirement of Maize Seedlings for Maximum Yield

Evaluation of Soil Extractants for the Prediction of Plant-Available Potassium in Ontario Soils

Root Volume and Dry Matter of Peanut Plants as a Function of Soil Bulk Density and Soil Water Stress.

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