Effects of novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing DOPO derivative salts on mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam

Ma, Shicong; Xiao, Yuling; Zhou, Feng; Schartel, Bernhard; Chan, Yin Yam; Korobeinichev, Oleg P.; Trubachev, Stanislav A.; Hu, Weizhao; Ma, Chao; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109160

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…. 31 The original bPEI shows N H stretching at 3380 cm −1 and bending at 1650, 1583, and 1470 cm −1 , as well as methylene stretching at 2939 and 2840 cm −1 , consistent with the polyamine structure. 26 The DOPO grafted samples show absorptions associated with DOPO and bPEI, except for the disappearance of P H stretching at 2438 cm −1 and the emergence of P N C stretching at 1060 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Similar reinforcement effect was also observed in other DOPO derivatives. 31,33 All the foams exhibited compression strength over 200 kPa, suitable for most industrial applications where the foam strength usually should surpass 100 kPa. 34 It seems strange that the 1:x-DOPO-bPEI-CO 2 blown foams possessed almost the same density (~56 kg m −3 , Figure 4(a)), although the blowing agents themselves varied considerably in CO 2 content (from 22.2% to 15.8%, Table 2).…”

Section: Pu Foaming With the Co 2 Adductsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the LOI values are comparable to other phosphorus-nitrogen-containing DOPO-based systems. 31,33 For instance, Yuan et al prepared PUFs using DOPO and a nitrogen-containing melamine-derived polyol as reactive flame retardants. 33 A LOI of 27 vol% was achieved at 7.5 pph for both flame retardants (i.e., P % = 1.13% by weight; N content was not reported).…”

Section: Dopo-grafted Bpei-co 2 Adducts As Both Blowing Agents and Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon dioxide adducts from DOPO‐grafted polyethylenimines as both blowing agents and flame retardants for polyurethanes

Zeng

Luo

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The high risk of flammability of polyurethane foams (PUFs) and the high global warming potentials of polyurethane (PU) blowing agents rank key problems to be solved in PUF industry. Herein, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-grafted polyethylenimines (PEIs) are synthesized via Atherton-Todd reaction, with grafting rate ranging from 13.3% to 28.3%. The grafted PEIs further react with CO 2 to obtain corresponding CO 2 adducts (DOPO-PEI-CO 2 s). On the one hand, these CO 2 adducts can disperse into PU foaming mixture to release CO 2 as a climate-friendly blowing agent. The resultant PUFs possess a density about 56 kg m −3 and a compressive strength over 200 kPa, suitable for some industrial applications. On the other hand, the DOPO grafting endows the PUFs with moderate flame retardancy, increasing the PUFs' limiting oxygen index value from 19.7 to 25 vol%, and decreasing the horizontal burning speed from about 360 mm min −1 down to 130 mm min −1 . This study for the first time provides a type of polyurethane (PU) raw material that can serve as both blowing agents and flame retardants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Pu Foaming With the Co 2 Adductsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dopo-grafted Bpei-co 2 Adducts As Both Blowing Agents and Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon dioxide adducts from DOPO‐grafted polyethylenimines as both blowing agents and flame retardants for polyurethanes

Zeng

Luo

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Additionally, important is the structure of the foam, which was more porous for foams with graphite (SEM analysis), which facilitated the migration of heat into the material and changed the burning behavior. Analyzing the HRR charts, it was also observed that after the ignition of the VEF foam, there was a sharp increase in HRR, reaching a maximum of 123 kW/m 2 after 54 s, and then a rapid decrease, creating a typical burning pattern of flexible foams with a single peak [ 19 , 20 ]. This course is similar to the heat rate versus time model during combustion of samples of polymeric material with average thermal transmittance and noncarbonizing [ 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a more economical method of improving flame resistance is to incorporate additive flame retardants into the polyurethane matrix. Again, a very large group of additive flame retardants are compounds containing phosphonate [ 8 , 9 ], phosphinate/phosphite [ 10 , 11 ], phosphate [ 12 , 13 ], polyphosphate [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], phosphorus oxide [ 17 ], and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives [ 18 , 19 ], as well as boron [ 20 , 21 ] and hydroxides [ 22 , 23 ]. In addition, the mentioned flame retardants are often used together with nanofillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2021

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We investigated the effect of the type and amount of expandable graphite (EG) and blackcurrant pomace (BCP) on the flammability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, physical, and chemical structure of viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VEF). For this purpose, the polyurethane foams containing EG, BCP, and EG with BCP were obtained. The content of EG varied in the range of 3–15 per hundred polyols (php), while the BCP content was 30 php. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the additional introduction of BCPs into EG-containing composites allows for an additive effect in improving the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. As a result, the composite containing 30 php of BCP and 15 php of EG with the largest particle size and expanded volume shows the largest change in the studied parameters (hardness (H) = 2.65 kPa (+16.2%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 26% (+44.4%), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) = 15.5 kW/m2 (−87.4%)). In addition, this composite was characterized by the highest char yield (m600 = 17.9% (+44.1%)). In turn, the change in mechanical properties is related to a change in the physical and chemical structure of the foams as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

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Synergistic effects of a half‐cage and cage structure phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing POSS with tetrabutyl titanate on flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy resins

Han

Guo

Cai³

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy (VE) resins more effectively, a half-cage and cage structure polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (P/N-POSS) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized by a one-step Kabachnik-Fields reaction from paraformaldehyde, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. It was then blended with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) in VE resins to construct a phosphorus-nitrogen-silicon-titanium synergy flame retardant system. P/N-POSS was well dispersed in the VE matrix at low loadings (≤4 wt%). With the addition of only 4 wt% P/N-POSS and 0.2 wt% TBT, the LOI value reached 29.2 and the UL-94 grade passed V-1 rating. Moreover, compared with VE-0, the peak heat

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Effects of novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing DOPO derivative salts on mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

Carbon dioxide adducts from DOPO‐grafted polyethylenimines as both blowing agents and flame retardants for polyurethanes

Carbon dioxide adducts from DOPO‐grafted polyethylenimines as both blowing agents and flame retardants for polyurethanes

Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

Synergistic effects of a half‐cage and cage structure phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing POSS with tetrabutyl titanate on flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy resins

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