Effects of noise and audiovisual cues on speech processing in adults with and without ADHD

Michalek, Anne M. P.; Watson, Silvana M. R.; Ash, Ivan K.; Ringleb, Stacie I.; Raymer, Anastasia

doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.866282

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, as the ratio between signal and noise lowers, people perform significantly better in the audiovisual condition. These results replicate previous studies showing that visual information like being able to see a person's mouth move can help aid in speech processing in noisy environments (Buchan et al ., ; Fraser et al ., ; Michalek et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our research project is unique because it investigated the relationship between speech recognition in variable noise levels and high/low WMC when audiovisual cues were present. These results support empirical evidence which indicates that the congruent presentation of the speaker's face with the auditory signal improves speech processing in the presence of background noise (Buchan et al ., ; Fraser et al ., ; Michalek et al ., ; Mishra & Lunner 2013; Moradi et al ., ; Rudner et al ., ). Adults with high and low WMC performed better during the speech recognition tasks when they were able to see the talker's face.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, our results align with empirical evidence confirming the audiovisual benefit during noisy listening conditions (Fraser et al ., ; Michalek et al ., ; Mishra, et al . ; Moradi et al ., ; Rudner et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mismatch conditions can be generated when external listening conditions are no longer optimal because of decreased presentation level or the presence of noise. Mismatch conditions exceed the systems innate threshold for automatic signal processing necessitating an increased reliance on WMC (Baldwin & Ash, ; Michalek, Watson, Raymer, Ash & Ringleb, ; Rönnberg et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WMC was shown to be related to the audiovisual benefit experienced by hearing aid users when processing speech in an individualized signal‐to‐noise ratio. Finally, in a preliminary investigation by Michalek et al ., , WMC was measured as a covariate for adults with and without ADHD during a listening in noise task presented with and without audiovisual cues. Adults with ADHD were found to have statistically lower WMCs than adults without ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The independence of working memory capacity and audiovisual cues when listening in noise

Michalek

Ash

Schwartz

2018

Scandinavian J Psychology

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This study examined the effect of levels of working memory capacity, levels of background noise, and audiovisual cues on adults' ability to process speech when listening in noise. A mixed design was used to examine the effects of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, 6 levels), audiovisual condition (audio vs. audiovisual), and working memory capacity on speech recognition. Ninety-six participants between the ages of 18 35 without a history of hearing loss or cognitive impairment were recruited for this research project. Working memory capacity mediated speech processing in noise during the auditory only listening condition. The reliance on working memory capacity increased as noise level increased. There was no interaction effect between working memory capacity and the audiovisual listening condition. People with a high working memory capacity have an advantage when listening to speech in noisy backgrounds. The level of the noise makes the biggest difference in a person's ability to recognize speech and performance can be improved with the inclusion of audiovisual cues. The effects of low signal-to-noise ratios can be mitigated with audiovisual cues independent of attentional control mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The independence of working memory capacity and audiovisual cues when listening in noise

Michalek

Ash

Schwartz

2018

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Robust perceptual-load-dependent audiovisual integration in adult ADHD

Schulze

Aslan

Jung

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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We perceive our daily-life surrounding by different senses (e.g., visual, and auditory). For a coherent percept, our brain binds those multiple streams of sensory stimulations, i.e., multisensory integration (MI). Dependent on stimulus complexity, early MI is triggered by bottom–up or late via top–down attentional deployment. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with successful bottom–up MI and deficient top–down MI. In the current study, we investigated the robustness of the bottom–up MI by adding additional task demand varying the perceptual load. We hypothesized diminished bottom–up MI for high perceptual load for patients with ADHD. 18 adult patients with ADHD and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in this study. In the visual search paradigm, a target letter was surrounded by uniform distractors (low load) or by different letters (high load). Additionally, either unimodal (visual flash, auditory beep) or multimodal (audiovisual) flanked the visual search. Linear-mixed modeling was used to investigate the influence of load on reaction times. Further, the race model inequality was calculated. Patients with ADHD showed a similar degree of MI performance like healthy controls, irrespective of perceptual load manipulation. ADHD patients violated the race model for the low load but not for the high-load condition. There seem to be robust bottom–up MI independent of perceptual load in ADHD patients. However, the sensory accumulation might be altered when attentional demands are high.

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Emotion perception in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2016

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This study examined identification of emotional information in facial expression, prosody, and their combination in 23 adult patients with combined attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus 31 healthy controls (HC) matched for gender, age, and education. We employed a stimulus set which was carefully balanced for valence as well as recognizability of the expressed emotions as determined in an independent sample of HC to avoid potential biases due to different levels of task difficulty. ADHD patients were characterized by impaired recognition of all employed categories (neutral, happiness, eroticism, disgust, anger). Basic cognitive functions as assessed by neuropsychological testing, such as sustained attention, constancy of alertness, and verbal intelligence partially explained lower recognition rates. Removal of the correlated variance by means of regression analyses did not abolish lower performance in ADHD indicating deficits in social cognition independent of these neuropsychological factors (p < 0.05). Lower performance correlated with self-rated emotional intelligence (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) indicating that adults with ADHD are aware of their problems in emotion perception. ADHD patients could partly compensate their deficit in unimodal emotion perception by audiovisual integration as revealed by larger gains in emotion recognition accuracy during bimodal presentation (p < 0.05) as compared to HC. These behavioral results can serve as foundation for future neuroimaging studies and point rather towards sensory-specific regions than audiovisual integration areas in perception of emotional information in adult ADHD.

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Effects of noise and audiovisual cues on speech processing in adults with and without ADHD

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

The independence of working memory capacity and audiovisual cues when listening in noise

The independence of working memory capacity and audiovisual cues when listening in noise

Robust perceptual-load-dependent audiovisual integration in adult ADHD

Emotion perception in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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