Effects of NO2 and Ozone on Pollen Allergenicity

Frank, Ulrike; Ernst, D.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00091

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Both cloud cover and wildfire smoke attenuate solar irradiance at ground level and are influenced by climate change. 25,34 Anthropogenic air pollution can be influenced by weather conditions, through both weather-dependent emissions behavior and chemical reactions in the atmosphere, and these air pollutants can then affect the morphology 30,35 and allergenicity 36,37 of pollen grains. Although anthropogenic and total particulate air pollution concentrations have fallen in Denver since the 1980s, 38 climate change may reverse these gains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of weather and climate on pollen concentrations in Denver, Colorado, 2010-2018

Gross

Weber

Wolf

et al. 2019

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Increasing evidence indicates that climate change is affecting the timing of pollen season and concentrations of allergenic pollens. To date, pollen trends and their associations with meteorological variables have not been studied in most of the United States. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weather and climate on pollen concentrations and pollen season timing in Denver, Colorado. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed tree, grass, and weed pollen counts and meteorological variables from 2010-2018 using linear and Poisson regression models. Results: Pollen season timing did not demonstrate uniform trends from 2010 to 2018. Certain species demonstrated earlier season start dates (linden, oak) or end dates (birch, maple), and others had later end dates (oak, grass). Only a few species demonstrated changes in season duration (linden, oak, maple, birch) and peak date (maple, birch). Pollen concentrations either remained stable or increased over the years. Temperature and carbon dioxide levels increased over the study period, with the exception of decreased temperature in August. Wind speed remained stable or decreased over the study period. Conclusion: This study illustrates the complex interactions between pollens and meteorology. Meteorological variables associated with climate change do appear to affect allergenic pollens, though the relationship is variable both amongst pollens and from year to year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of weather and climate on pollen concentrations in Denver, Colorado, 2010-2018

Gross

Weber

Wolf

et al. 2019

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…Compared with people living in the countryside, those who lived in urban areas are more likely to be affected by plant-derived respiratory disorders. Frank and Ernst [14] suggest that pollutants in diesel exhaust can make humans more sensitive to pollens. It was found in our study that the airway of the mice immunized and challenged by APEDE underwent more severe pathological changes, as represented by inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway wall, enlargement of the submucosal mucous glands, the increased mass of the airway smooth muscle, and airway wall thickening and remolding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisia Pollen Extracts Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Enhance Airway Inflammation and Immunological Imbalance in Asthmatic Mice Model

Chen

Han

Zhou

et al. 2020

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Vehicle-induced air pollution may increase the prevalence and severity of asthma. Pollens are important sources of outdoor allergens associated with asthma. Outdoor pollution may influence the structure of pollen grains, resulting in enhanced immune reactions. Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact that artemisia pollen extracts exposed to diesel emissions (APEDE) may induceallergic airway inflammation, pulmonary pathology and immune imbalance -in mice. Methods: Sixty male Balb/c mice were equally randomized into 5 groups, sensitized with 30 μL artemisia pollen extracts (APE) or APEDE adsorbed on 2 mg aluminum hydroxide gel by intraperitoneal injection on day 0, 7, 14, and 22, and challenged intranasally once per day with 30 μL APE or APEDE from day 29 to 36. The control-ling group used phosphate-buffered saline as control. Results: In mice immunized and challenged by APEDE, the clinical phenotype of eosinophils, neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tracheal wall thickness, airway smooth muscle thickness and airway resistance increased significantly. Pathophysiological parameters such as interleukin (IL)-17A and tumour necrosis factor-α production in BALF and serum, and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells in CD4 + cells increased significantly, while IL-10 in BALF and serum and the ratio of Treg cells decreased significantly. It was further found that the expression of oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly increased. The correlation analysis showed that the expression of 3-NT was positively correlated with the activation of NF-κB. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that pollens exposed to diesel exhaust enhance allergic responses, which may contribute to an increased prevalence of allergic diseases in urban environments with serious exhaust emissions.

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“…Laboratory tests showed that pollen has chemosensitivity to ozone and ozone could directly oxidize the constituents of the pollen wall [30,31], although the number of pollen grains produced per inflorescence was unaffected by ozone [32]. There is scientific evidence that ozone alters the allergen content in the pollen [33][34][35] reduces or destroys viability of the pollen [36][37][38] and changes fluorescence properties of fluorescent substances present in pollen [8,30,31]. Studies on pollen fluorescence properties are conducted employing various devices ranging from the microscope to devices enabling automatic identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Microscopy of Alnus glutinosa Pollen Fluorescence Peculiarities

Šaulienė

Šukienė

Daunys

et al. 2019

Forests

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Alnus glutinosa is an important woody plant in Lithuanian forest ecosystems. Knowledge of fluorescence properties of black alder pollen is necessary for scientific and practical purposes. By the results of the study, we aimed to evaluate possibilities of identifying Alnus glutinosa pollen fluorescence properties by modeling ozone effect and applying two different fluorescence-based devices. To implement the experiments, black alder pollen was collected in a typical habitat during the annual flowering period in 2018–2019. There were three groups of experimental variants, which differed in the duration of exposure to ozone, conditions of pollen storage before the start of the experiment, and the exposure time. Data for pollen fluorescence analysis were collected using two methods. The microscopy method was used in order to evaluate the possibility of employing image analysis systems for investigation of pollen fluorescence. The second data collection method is related to an automatic device identifying pollen in real time, which uses the fluorescence method in the pollen recognition process. Data were assessed employing image analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Digital images of ozone-exposed pollen observed under the fluorescence microscope showed the change of the dominant green colour toward the blue spectrum. Meanwhile, the automatic detector detects more pollen whose fluorescence is at the blue light spectrum. It must be noted that assessing pollen fluorescence several months after exposure to ozone, no effect of ozone on fluorescence remains.

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Effects of NO2 and Ozone on Pollen Allergenicity

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

The impact of weather and climate on pollen concentrations in Denver, Colorado, 2010-2018

The impact of weather and climate on pollen concentrations in Denver, Colorado, 2010-2018

Artemisia Pollen Extracts Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Enhance Airway Inflammation and Immunological Imbalance in Asthmatic Mice Model

Detection and Microscopy of Alnus glutinosa Pollen Fluorescence Peculiarities

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