Effects of nitrous oxide on IOP and pupillary diameter in dogs anesthetized with varying concentrations of desflurane

Almeida, Denise E. de; Nishimori, Celina Tie; Oriá, Arianne Pontes; Paula, Danielli Parrilha de; Nunes, Newton; Laus, José Luis

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00616.x

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The pupil diameter (PD) was measured with a caliper, read in millimeters (Nikeghbali et al 2007;Almeida et al 2008), manually adjusted according to the pupil diameter ( Figure 1A) oriented parallel to the corneal surface of the right eye of each animal, but without touching it (Figure 1 B). The evaluator stood in front of the animal, so that the dog's eyes were kept parallel to the table.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In veterinary medicine, general anesthesia is used for all intraocular surgical procedures (Slatter & Colitz 2007), including those for cataract extraction in which the maintenance of mydriasis is critical, since pupil constriction may result in serious complications during the procedure (Gross & Giuliano, 2007;Almeida et al, 2008). However, most of anesthetics induce miosis (Bechara, 2002;Slatter, 2005a;Gross & Giuliano, 2007) and reduction of tear production, thus requiring corneal lubrication during these anesthesia procedures (Krupin et al, 1977;Brightman et al 1983;Herring et al 2000;Pontes et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

Santos¹,

Pontes²,

Pinto³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ceres

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RESUMODiâmetro pupilar e produção lacrimal comparados em cães tratados com acepromazina, tramadol e sua associaçãoAlguns procedimentos cirúrgicos oftálmicos requerem a obtenção de midríase, entretanto, os fármacos tradicionalmente utilizados com esta finalidade reduzem significativamente a produção lacrimal. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da acepromazina e do tramadol, utilizados isoladamente, ou em conjunto, sobre o diâmetro pupilar, a produção lacrimal, as frequências cardíaca e respiratória, a pressão arterial sistólica e a temperatura retal, esses fármacos foram administrados em sete cães clinicamente normais, que integraram três grupos experimentais (G1 -acepromazina; G2 -tramadol; G3 -acepromazina + tramadol), diferenciando-se apenas quanto ao protocolo tranquilizante utilizado. Os parâmetros foram mensurados em quatro momentos experimentais. Houve miose no G1, além da redução da produção lacrimal e da frequência respiratória. Verificou-se que, no G2, não houve alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados e, no G3, verificou-se a diminuição da produção lacrimal do olho direito, da frequência respiratória e da Received: 26/12/2012; Accepted: 25/01/2013 Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination 1 Some ophthalmic surgeries require induction of mydriasis, however, drugs traditionally used for this purpose significantly reduces tear production. To evaluate the effect of acepromazine and tramadol, used alone or in combination, on pupil diameter, tear production, heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature, these drugs were administered to seven clinically normal dogs divided into three experimental groups (G1 -acepromazine; G2 -tramadol; G3 -tramadol + acepromazine) that differed only in the sedation protocol. Parameters were measured in four experimental moments. Miosis occurred in G1, in addition to reduced tear production and respiratory rate. No significant changes were found in the parameters assessed in G2, whereas in G3, there was decrease in tear production of the right eye, decrease in the respiratory rate and rectal temperature. Tramadol proved to be a drug suitable for pre-anesthetic procedures that require the maintenance of pupil diameter and keeps the tear production within normal parameters. However, the use of acepromazine alone or in combination with tramadol requires protection of the patient's eye surface to prevent the occurrence of undesirable ophthalmic changes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

Santos¹,

Pontes²,

Pinto³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ceres

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“…Other drugs, such as suxamethonium, can produce an increase in IOP [5]. Several human and animal studies have peripherally investigated the effect of N 2 O on IOP, but all have used N 2 O in combination with anaesthetic agents that are known to affect IOP [6][7][8]. One report indicates that N 2 O seems to have no effect on IOP, but supporting data or references are not given [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of nitrous oxide on intra‐ocular pressure in healthy adults*

Lalwani¹,

Fox²,

et al. 2012

Anaesthesia

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SummaryMany anaesthetic agents affect intra-ocular pressure, yet little is known about nitrous oxide and intra-ocular pressure. This study assessed the effect of nitrous oxide on intra-ocular pressure in 20 healthy adult volunteers. The intra-ocular pressure was measured at baseline, while breathing a 70:30 mix of nitrous oxide and oxygen for 12 min, and then while breathing room air for 15 min. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess change in intra-ocular pressure over time. There was no significant difference in intra-ocular pressure between baseline and during or after nitrous oxide inhalation. Several differences in intra-ocular pressure were noted between internal time-points: pressure increased by 2.4 mmHg between 3 and 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.01); it increased by 1.4 mmHg between 3 and 9 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.046); and it decreased by 2.2 mmHg between 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide and 15 min of breathing room air (p = 0.035). This study indicates that nitrous oxide inhalation does not significantly change intra-ocular pressure from baseline values in a population of healthy adults. Accepted: 25 October 2011There have been few studies to assess the effect of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) on intra-ocular pressure (IOP) [1]. This is an important question, as many anaesthetic agents produce clinically significant changes in IOP. Volatile agents like halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane have been shown to decrease IOP, as has the intravenous anaesthetic agent propofol [2][3][4]. Other drugs, such as suxamethonium, can produce an increase in IOP [5]. Several human and animal studies have peripherally investigated the effect of N 2 O on IOP, but all have used N 2 O in combination with anaesthetic agents that are known to affect IOP [6][7][8]. One report indicates that N 2 O seems to have no effect on IOP, but supporting data or references are not given [9]. To our knowledge, there are no other studies that have explored the effect of isolated N 2 O administration on IOP in humans.Reliable IOP measurements are essential for the effective management of glaucoma, yet accurate values are

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“…Based on the present and previous similar study [11]- [13], the effect of N 2 O would not affect the IOP during 3 hours sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Our study had the following possible limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nitrous oxide (N 2 O) may affect IOP [9]- [12], one report indicates that IOP with desflurane and N 2 O does not differ compared with desflurane alone in dogs [11]. Moreover, N 2 O has been shown to have no influence in healthy volunteer [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nitrous Oxide on the Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery under Sevoflurane and Remifentanil Anesthesia

Goyagi¹,

Sato²,

Horiguchi³

et al. 2016

OJAnes

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Introduction: Although inhalational anesthesia and nitrousoxide (N 2 O) are known to affect the intraocular pressure (IOP), little is known about the effect of nitrousoxide on the IOP during sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia. In the present study, we examined the effect of balanced anesthesia on the IOP. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups: N 2 O group (n = 10) and control group (n = 12). General anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil (0.05 -0.3 µg/kg/min), 33% O 2 and 1.2% sevoflurane to keep ETCO 2 of 35 -40 mmHg following tracheal intubation. After baseline measurement of IOP (T0, 20 minutes after injection of anesthesia), the patients in the N 2 O group received 67% nitrousoxide, and the patients in the control group received air, with O 2 and 1.2% sevoflurane. Then, IOP was measured at 1 hour (T1), 2 hours (T2), and 3 hours (T3) after anesthesia induction in the supineposition. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at the same time interval. Results: There was no significant difference in the IOP at any period between the two groups. In both groups, the IOP at the T3 was significantly higher than that at T0. Conclusion: These results suggest that N 2 O does not affect the IOP in patients undergoing abdominal surgery under sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia.

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Effects of nitrous oxide on IOP and pupillary diameter in dogs anesthetized with varying concentrations of desflurane

Abstract: Administration of nitrous oxide with desflurane results in maintenance of normal IOP and prevents a decrease in horizontal PD during anesthesia. Therefore, this may be a suitable protocol in dogs undergoing intraocular surgeries that require mydriasis and maintenance of normal IOP.

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

The effect of nitrous oxide on intra‐ocular pressure in healthy adults*

The Effect of Nitrous Oxide on the Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery under Sevoflurane and Remifentanil Anesthesia

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