SummaryMany anaesthetic agents affect intra-ocular pressure, yet little is known about nitrous oxide and intra-ocular pressure. This study assessed the effect of nitrous oxide on intra-ocular pressure in 20 healthy adult volunteers. The intra-ocular pressure was measured at baseline, while breathing a 70:30 mix of nitrous oxide and oxygen for 12 min, and then while breathing room air for 15 min. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess change in intra-ocular pressure over time. There was no significant difference in intra-ocular pressure between baseline and during or after nitrous oxide inhalation. Several differences in intra-ocular pressure were noted between internal time-points: pressure increased by 2.4 mmHg between 3 and 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.01); it increased by 1.4 mmHg between 3 and 9 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.046); and it decreased by 2.2 mmHg between 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide and 15 min of breathing room air (p = 0.035). This study indicates that nitrous oxide inhalation does not significantly change intra-ocular pressure from baseline values in a population of healthy adults. Accepted: 25 October 2011There have been few studies to assess the effect of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) on intra-ocular pressure (IOP) [1]. This is an important question, as many anaesthetic agents produce clinically significant changes in IOP. Volatile agents like halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane have been shown to decrease IOP, as has the intravenous anaesthetic agent propofol [2][3][4]. Other drugs, such as suxamethonium, can produce an increase in IOP [5]. Several human and animal studies have peripherally investigated the effect of N 2 O on IOP, but all have used N 2 O in combination with anaesthetic agents that are known to affect IOP [6][7][8]. One report indicates that N 2 O seems to have no effect on IOP, but supporting data or references are not given [9]. To our knowledge, there are no other studies that have explored the effect of isolated N 2 O administration on IOP in humans.Reliable IOP measurements are essential for the effective management of glaucoma, yet accurate values are
Report of the commissioners of immigration upon the causes which incite immigration to the United States, p. 290. Why they come, North American Review, 134, 347. * In Chicago, out of 13,048 families investigated, 305 persons had assisted friends in Italy to emigrate. They had sent altogether fig,-384.75, or I63.56 each. Bulletin of the department of labor, 13. ' See Arnold White, The modern Jew, p. 27. Russians, Jews and gentiles, Century Magazine, April, 1882, p. 905-315] Causes of Immigration 9 of the Russian point of view. The author shows that the trouble between Jew and gentile is not primarily racial nor religious, but economic. * See Bulletin of the department of labor, 13, p. 722. ' Compiled from the reports of the two Boston houses of corrt ction . ' Only one Portuguese was in the house of correction in 1S97, though three were committed in 1898. 'Massachusetts 1.67, other states 2.29.
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