Effects of nitrogen timing and frequency of fungicide applications on grain yields of winter barley in Ireland

Conry, M. J.; Dunne, B.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600074219

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The spring slurry application with the combination of two fungicides gave the best effect on barley yield, presumably due to the lower and slower N (re‐)mineralization from the autumn slurry and the lower slurry N‐use efficiency ( Sieling et al 1997, 1998). In addition, the climatic and soil conditions may retard protein synthesis and produce excessive accumulation of soluble amino acids which encourages fungal growth, making the barley more susceptible to diseases ( Conry and Dunne 1993). Therefore, a more intensive fungicide treatment was better at controlling disease and gave a greater yield increase under spring slurry conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fungicide on Grain Yield of Barley Grown in Different Cropping Systems

Yang

Sieling

Hanus

2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The effect of fungicides and their combination on yield of barley under different nitrogen, slurry and tillage treatments was investigated at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel, Germany in 1991–97. Various fungicide treatments (no fungicide, and treatment with stem, leaf and ear fungicides and combinations of these), two nitrogen levels (120 and 240 kg N ha−1), two tillage systems (minimum and conventional tillage) and four slurry applications (no application, and autumn, spring and autumn plus spring applications) were used. On average, fungicide application increased barley yield by 1.1 t ha−1. The fungicide treatments could be classified into four types: (1) fungicides against stem diseases, which slightly increased yield by 0.25 t ha−1, very similar to the results for the untreated control; (2) leaf fungicides and ear fungicides applied separately, and fungicides against a combination of stem and leaf diseases, which increased yield by 1.0 t ha−1 on average; (3) fungicides against a combination of ear and stem diseases, which increased the yield by 1.22 t ha−1, and (4) fungicides against a combination of leaf and ear diseases and a combination of stem, leaf and ear diseases, which increased yield by 1.59 t ha−1 on average. The effects of fungicide on the yield were modified by crop husbandry. It can be concluded that application of fungicides against a combination of leaf and ear diseases could increase barley yield and reduce yield variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fungicide on Grain Yield of Barley Grown in Different Cropping Systems

Yang

Sieling

Hanus

2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…It follows that early epidemics of foliar pathogens, which develop during canopy expansion, may reduce yield by reducing the number of ears produced and the number of grains per ear because disease infection coincides with the period of tiller and spikelet production and survival (Brooks, 1972; Lim & Gaunt, 1986; Conry & Dunne, 1993). Any reduction in tiller production and survival will also reduce canopy size, and as a result, pre‐anthesis epidemics can restrict the development of both source (photosynthetic) and sink (the number of potential grain sites) structures simultaneously.…”

Section: Crop Yield Formation and Candidate Tolerance Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop traits and the tolerance of wheat and barley to foliar disease

Bingham

Walters

Foulkes

et al. 2009

Annals of Applied Biology

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The relationship between yield loss and disease severity can differ widely between crops. This has given rise to the concept of disease tolerance, with some crops exhibiting a smaller yield loss under a given severity of disease than others. Genetic improvement to minimise yield loss under disease is an attractive goal, as it exerts little or no selection pressure on pathogen populations, and could form a useful component of durable disease management programmes. However, progress towards this end requires a thorough understanding of the phenotypic traits that influence the response of yield to disease, their genetic control and the possible trade-offs involved with other desirable agronomic characteristics. This paper examines the candidate crop traits that may confer tolerance of foliar disease in wheat and barley and reviews evidence of genetic variation in their expression. In wheat grown under the relatively low light conditions of North-West Europe, post-anthesis source (assimilate supply) and grain sink capacity (capacity for dry matter accumulation) appear to be closely balanced. Traits associated with maintaining post-anthesis radiation interception and radiation use efficiency in spite of disease may confer tolerance. The most promising traits include a larger flag leaf and compensatory increases in photosynthetic rate in non-infected parts of leaves. In barley, yield is often more strongly sink limited, and early-season disease management is required to protect the formation of potential grain sites. A wider range of potential traits may influence tolerance including compensatory adjustments in leaf growth and morphology, and differences in the sensitivity of tiller and spikelet mortality to photoassimilate supply. Different methods for quantifying tolerance are suggested depending on the trait of interest.

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“…This could be because the small flag leaves of barley allow more photosynthetically active radiation to be intercepted by lower leaves during grain filling. Alternatively, early disease has been shown to reduce fertile tiller number and hence grain sink capacity for assimilate in barley, but not in wheat (Dawson & Hutcheon, 1987; Conry & Dunne, 1993). Fertile tiller number is determined at earlier developmental stages than the components of yield typically affected by foliar diseases in wheat (grains per ear and weight per grain).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between leaf emergence and optimum spray timing for leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) control on winter barley

Young¹,

Thomas²,

Parker³

et al. 2006

Plant Pathology

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For wheat, the optimum time to apply fungicide to control disease on a given leaf layer is usually at, or shortly after, full leaf emergence. Data from field experiments on barley were used to investigate whether the same relationship was applicable to control of leaf blotch on barley. Replicated plots of winter barley were sown in the autumns of 1991, 1992 and 1993 at sites in southwest England with high risk of Rhynchosporium secalis infection. Single fungicide treatments at four doses (0·25, 0·5, 0·75 or 1·0 times the label rate) were applied at one of eight different spray times, starting in midMarch in each year, with intervals of 10 -11 days between spray timings. Disease was assessed every 10-11 days and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were used to construct fungicide dose by spray time response surfaces for each of the upper four leaves, for each year. Spray timings shortly before leaf emergence were found to minimize the AUDPC for each year and leaf layer, and also the effective dose (the dose required to achieve a specified level of control), similar to wheat. Fungicide treatments on barley were effective for a longer period before leaf emergence than afterwards, probably because treatments before emergence of the target leaf reduced inoculum production on leaves below. This partly explains why fungicides tend to be applied earlier in the growth of barley compared with wheat.

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Effects of nitrogen timing and frequency of fungicide applications on grain yields of winter barley in Ireland

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Fungicide on Grain Yield of Barley Grown in Different Cropping Systems

Effects of Fungicide on Grain Yield of Barley Grown in Different Cropping Systems

Crop traits and the tolerance of wheat and barley to foliar disease

Relationship between leaf emergence and optimum spray timing for leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) control on winter barley

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