Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure on Pulmonary function and Airway Reactivity in Normal Humans

Frampton, Mark W.; Morrow, Paul E.; C, Cox; Gibb, F.R.; Speers, Donna M.; Utell, Mark J.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/143.3.522

Cited by 155 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Measured NO 2 and NO concentration values attained peak values of 400 µg m −3 , but the hourly means, which attained a maximum of 189 µg m −3 , never exceeded the hourly European limit for NO 2 . However, these levels could still be dangerous, mostly for firefighters working close to the fire front, because exposure to high NO 2 concentration values harms the lungs and increases respiratory infections (Frampton et al 1991). The explosive hoses placed in plot 515 (Fig.…”

Section: Presentation and Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke measurements during Gestosa-2002 experimental field fires

Miranda

Ferreira

Valente

et al. 2005

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Abstract. Currently, there is a growing awareness that smoke produced during forest fires can expose individuals and populations to hazardous concentrations of air pollutants. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the air pollution phenomenon associated with forest fires, this paper presents and analyses the atmospheric emissions and air quality concentration measurements performed in the 2002 fire experiments at Gestosa, Central Portugal. Two vehicles were equipped with a meteorological station and air quality analysers that were turned on continuously to acquire concentrations of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Nitrogen and sulfur dioxides were measured using a grid of fixed passive samplers. Also, firefighters and research-team members used passive samplers during the experiments in order to estimate the human exposure to these pollutants. Measurements of volatile organic compound emissions, using Tedlar bags, were carried out. Results were analysed taking into account not only the concentration values but also the variables involved, such as the combustion phase and the meteorology, and identifying possible relationships between them. Despite the small size of the burning plots when compared to wildfires, the measured levels of pollutants were however considerable, indicating the effect of these experiments on the local air quality and stressing the serious levels of air pollution that can be expected during wildfires.Additional keywords: air quality; forest fire emissions.

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Section: Presentation and Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke measurements during Gestosa-2002 experimental field fires

Miranda

Ferreira

Valente

et al. 2005

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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“…[14][15][16] However, other studies have shown no respiratory effects on asthmatics following exposures to even higher levels. 17,18 Controlled exposures of healthy (non-asthmatic) subjects to NO 2 concentrations above 1,000 ppb for 1 hour or longer indicate increased airway responsiveness; 16,19,20 exposures to lower NO 2 levels have not produced any effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dioxide in Indoor Ice Skating Facilities: An International Survey

Bräuer

Lee²,

Spengler

et al. 1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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second indoor sample (collected at a spectator's area) was 221 ppb, with a range of 1-3,175 ppb. The ratio of the indoor to outdoor NO 2 concentrations was above 1 for 95% of the rinks sampled, indicating the presence of an indoor NO 2 source (mean indoor:outdoor ratio = 20). Estimates of short-term NO 2 concentrations indicated that as many as 40% of the sampled rinks would have exceeded the World Health Organization 1-hour guideline value of 213 ppb NO 2 for indoor air.Statistically significant associations were observed between NO 2 levels and the type of fuel used to power the resurfacer, ABSTRACTAn international survey of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) levels inside indoor ice skating facilities was conducted. One-week average NO 2 concentrations were measured inside and outside of 332 ice rinks located in nine countries. Each rink manager also completed a questionnaire describing the building, the resurfacing machines, and their use patterns. The (arithmetic) mean NO 2 level for all rinks in the study was 228 ppb, with a range of 1-2,680 ppb, based on a sample collected at breathing height and adjacent to the ice surface. The mean of the Brauer, Lee, Spengler, Salonen, Pennanen, Braathen, Mihalikova, Miskovic, Nozaki, Tsuzuki, Rui-Jin, Xu, Qing-Xiang, Drahonovska, and Kjaergaard Journal of the Air & Waste Management AssociationVolume 47 October 1997 the absence of a catalytic converter on a resurfacer, and the use of an ice edger. There were also indications that decreased use of mechanical ventilation, increased number of resurfacing operations per day, and smaller rink volumes were associated with increased NO 2 levels. In rinks where the main resurfacer was powered by propane, the NO 2 concentrations were higher than in those with gasoline-powered resurfacers, while the latter had NO 2 concentrations higher than in those using diesel. Rinks where the main resurfacer was electric had the lowest indoor NO 2 concentrations, similar to the levels measured outdoors.

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“…29 In another study in humans, alterations of airway reactivity have been reported at exposures as low as 1.5 ppm NO 2 . 30 Potentially toxic NO 2 levels (Ͼ 2 ppm) were observed only during N-IMV using 40 ppm NO. It is very unlikely that many infants would be supported clinically with 40 ppm NO and F IO 2 of 1.0, but nonetheless, this represents a worst case scenario for NO 2 to form during noninvasive support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%