Effects of nitric oxide inhibitors in mice with bladder outlet obstruction

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the lower urinary tract changes in mice treated with L-NAME, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or aminoguanidine, a competitive inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), after 5 weeks of partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), in order to evaluate the role of constitutive and non-constitutive NOS in the pathogenesis of this experimental condition.Materials and Methods C57BL6 male mice were partially obstructed and randomly allocated into 6 groups: Sham, Sham + L-NAME, Sham + aminoguanidine, BOO, BOO + L-NAME and BOO + aminoguanidine. After 5 weeks, bladder weight was obtained and cystometry and tissue bath contractile studies were performed.Results BOO animals showed increase of non-voiding contractions (NVC) and bladder capacity, and also less contractile response to Carbachol and Electric Field Stimulation. Inhibition of NOS isoforms improved bladder capacity and compliance in BOO animals. L-NAME caused more NVC, prevented bladder weight gain and leaded to augmented contractile responses at muscarinic and electric stimulation. Aminoguanidine diminished NVC, but did not avoid bladder weight gain in BOO animals and did not improve contractile responses.Conclusion It can be hypothesized that chronic inhibition of three NOS isoforms in BOO animals leaded to worsening of bladder function, while selective inhibition of iNOS did not improve responses, what suggests that, in BOO animals, alterations are related to constitutive NOS.

Benefits and limitations of animal models in partial bladder outlet obstruction for translational research

“…data). And, the effects of NO in pBOO have been studied . Major sites of NO release were the urothelium and afferent nerves; NO modulate in various parts of lower urinary tract functions.…”

Synthesis and characterization of zinc di(O-2,2-dimethylpentan-3-yl dithiocarbonates) bearing pyridine or tetramethylethylenediamine coligands and investigation of their thermal conversion mechanisms towards nanocrystalline zinc sulfide

“…1 The cubic structure is stable at low temperature and in bulk ZnS it is converted to the high temperature stable hexagonal phase at temperatures above 1000°C, however, for nanocrystalline ZnS, a cursor molecule is then converted into the metal sulfide by a chemical reaction, in most cases initiated by a thermal treatment. Metal dithiocarbonates, also known as metal xanthates, belong to this class of materials and their use for the preparation of a wide range of metal sulfides, for instance, CdS, 24,25 ZnS, 26,27 NiS, 28 SnS, 29 PbS, 30 Ga 2 S 3 , 31 Bi 2 S 3 , 32 CuInS 2 , 33,34 CuSbS 2 , 35 and Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 36 is already reported. A further beneficial property of metal xanthates as precursors is that the conversion can take place via thermal treatment in solution, 37,38 solid state reactions in a matrix, 39,40 solvent-free melt reactions [41][42][43] or aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AA-CVD) processes.…”

Correlation Between Nitric Oxide and Urodynamics in Men With Bladder Outlet Obstruction

“…However, another study demonstrated that selective inhibition of iNOS was related to a decrease in bladder capacity, although it did not significantly decrease of bladder weight in mice with BOO. Conversely, the inhibition of all 3 NOS isoforms has been reported to increase nonvoiding contractions and to decrease the bladder capacity [ 15 ], thereby worsening the bladder function. Thus, only iNOS could not reflect bladder changes.…”