Abstract:BackgroundCoronary artery disease is 2-3 times more common in diabetic individuals.
Dietary nitrate/nitrite has beneficial effects in both diabetes and
cardiovascular disease. It also has protective effects against myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in healthy animals. However, the effects of
nitrate on myocardial IR injury in diabetic rats have not yet been
investigated.ObjectiveWe examined the effects of dietary nitrate on myocardial IR injury in
streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.Met… Show more
“…Alteration of serum NO concentrations in diabetic conditions are controversial. Some studies have demonstrated that serum NO levels decreased in diabetic rats (Meininger et al 2000;Jeddi et al 2016). On the other hand, other studies have shown increased or unchanged NO levels in diabetes (Mancusi et al 1996;Milsom et al 2002;Adela et al 2015).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent study stated that an increased incidence of diabetes among children may be related to high nitrate concentrations in drinking water, however, other studies have shown beneficial effects of nitrate (Benson et al 2010). In addition, chronic intake of a low dose of nitrate (100 mg/l/day) for 2 months protected the diabetic rat heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress (Jeddi et al 2016). Cardiac and renal protective effects of vegetables may relate to their high nitrate contents (Lundberg et al 2006;Ohtake et al 2007).…”
Objective. Diabetes induces sensory symptoms of neuropathy as positive (hyperalgesia), negative (hypoalgesia), or both.Methods. In the present study, fifty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups: control, control+nitrate, diabetes, diabetes+insulin, and diabetes+nitrate. Thirty days after diabetes confirmation, insulin (2-4 U/day) was injected subcutaneously in diabetes+insulin group and nitrate (100 mg/l) was added into drinking water of the control+nitrate and diabetes+nitrate groups for a period of 2 months. In order to assess the mechanical and thermal algesia, tail immersion, hot plate, and von Frey tests were performed. The serum insulin levels were determined with insulin ELISA Kit. Serum level of NOx was determined by the Griess method.Results. Both thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) which was followed by a significant increase (p<0.01) in the thermal nociceptive threshold in the diabetes group. Chronic nitrate or insulin treatment led to a significant decrease (p<0.01) in blood glucose levels, as well as a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight and serum NOx. Moreover, nitrate treatment significantly increased serum insulin levels (p<0.001) compared to the other groups.Conclusion. Chronic nitrate treatment modified the thermal and mechanical sensitivities in diabetic animals.
“…Alteration of serum NO concentrations in diabetic conditions are controversial. Some studies have demonstrated that serum NO levels decreased in diabetic rats (Meininger et al 2000;Jeddi et al 2016). On the other hand, other studies have shown increased or unchanged NO levels in diabetes (Mancusi et al 1996;Milsom et al 2002;Adela et al 2015).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent study stated that an increased incidence of diabetes among children may be related to high nitrate concentrations in drinking water, however, other studies have shown beneficial effects of nitrate (Benson et al 2010). In addition, chronic intake of a low dose of nitrate (100 mg/l/day) for 2 months protected the diabetic rat heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress (Jeddi et al 2016). Cardiac and renal protective effects of vegetables may relate to their high nitrate contents (Lundberg et al 2006;Ohtake et al 2007).…”
Objective. Diabetes induces sensory symptoms of neuropathy as positive (hyperalgesia), negative (hypoalgesia), or both.Methods. In the present study, fifty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups: control, control+nitrate, diabetes, diabetes+insulin, and diabetes+nitrate. Thirty days after diabetes confirmation, insulin (2-4 U/day) was injected subcutaneously in diabetes+insulin group and nitrate (100 mg/l) was added into drinking water of the control+nitrate and diabetes+nitrate groups for a period of 2 months. In order to assess the mechanical and thermal algesia, tail immersion, hot plate, and von Frey tests were performed. The serum insulin levels were determined with insulin ELISA Kit. Serum level of NOx was determined by the Griess method.Results. Both thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) which was followed by a significant increase (p<0.01) in the thermal nociceptive threshold in the diabetes group. Chronic nitrate or insulin treatment led to a significant decrease (p<0.01) in blood glucose levels, as well as a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight and serum NOx. Moreover, nitrate treatment significantly increased serum insulin levels (p<0.001) compared to the other groups.Conclusion. Chronic nitrate treatment modified the thermal and mechanical sensitivities in diabetic animals.
“…The insulin dose was adjusted in accordance with the blood glucose level. Animals in the nitrate groups received sodium nitrate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) added to their drinking water supplemented with 100 mg l −1 sodium nitrate for 2 months (Jeddi, Khalifi, Ghanbari, Bageripour, & Ghasemi, ). The water intake was measured every day.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Germany) added to their drinking water supplemented with 100 mg l −1 sodium nitrate for 2 months (Jeddi, Khalifi, Ghanbari, Bageripour, & Ghasemi, 2016). The water intake was measured every day.…”
Inorganic nitrate supplementation is a possible therapeutic agent in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate on the reproductive system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were allocated randomly to five groups: control (C), control plus nitrate (CN), diabetic (D), diabetic plus insulin (DI) and diabetic plus nitrate (DN). Sodium nitrate was administered for 2 months in the drinking water (100 mg l ) of the CN and DN groups. Insulin was injected at 2-4 U daily in the DI group. Serum glucose level and body weight were measured at the beginning of the study and at regular intervals. At the end of the study, serum levels of glucose, insulin, nitrogen oxides (NOx), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were assessed as well as sperm parameters, testis morphometry and histology, and testicular miR-34b and p53 mRNA expression. Nitrate treatment in diabetic rats significantly improved sperm parameters, epididymal weight, spermatogenesis and testicular histology as well as decreasing serum glucose and testicular p53 gene and miR-34b expression, although it had no effect on serum LH and FSH levels. In diabetic rats, serum insulin and NOx, body weight, testicular and epididymal weight, sperm count and motility, testis morphology, spermatogenesis indices, Johnsen's score, and testosterone were significantly lower than in controls. Nitrate administration increased serum insulin, NOx and testosterone levels in the DN group. Consuming water supplemented with sodium nitrate could improve diabetes-induced testicular functional and structural disorders; these favourable effects may be related to increased serum insulin and decreased serum glucose, as well as modulation of apoptosis in testis.
“…Despite the fact that NaNO 2 has not been reliable in the past and has the potential to cause many cancers, it has recently been reported that it can prevent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by regulating eNOS and iNOS expression and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the heart [50]. It also prevents hypertension and increases endotheliumdependent relaxation and total NO by regulating eNOS activity [51].…”
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to have a very short half-life, and it is oxidized to nitrate (NO 3 − ) and nitrite (NO 2 − ). The activity and/or expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) can change in response to toxins or therapeutic medications. For example, in recent studies in our laboratory and others, it has been reported that the amount of NO was increased in the serum of N-nitroso compounds-treated animals. N-nitroso compounds, which are found in different types of foodstuffs, including meat, salted fish, alcoholic beverages, agricultural drugs, insecticides, cigarettes, and several vegetables, are known to have carcinogenic effects. In addition, it is experimentally used to induce liver carcinoma to study the mechanisms of liver cytotoxic injury. Uncontrolled, prolonged, and/or massive production of NO by inducible NOS may cause liver damage, inflammation, and even tumor development during N-nitroso compound toxicity. In this chapter, we explain the roles of NOS and NO in various toxicity conditions, such as toxicity in environment pollutant or food additive, and present the evaluation of the toxicity and the importance of NOSs in human health.
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