Effects of nicotine on hunger and eating in male and female smokers

Perkins, Kenneth A.; Epstein, Leonard H.; Sexton, Joan E.; Solberg-Kassel, Rena; Stiller, Richard L.; Jacob, Rolf G.

doi:10.1007/bf02253588

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The limited available evidence indicates that nicotine does not decrease weight in food-restricted rats (Swislocki, 2003, Swislocki & Fakiri, 2008. Accordingly, nicotine administration reduced caloric intake during or after a meal, but not in fasting conditions in human smokers (Perkins et al, 1991(Perkins et al, , 1992.…”

Section: Relationship Between Nicotine Effects On the Homeostatic Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Zoli

Picciotto

2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: The ability of nicotine, the primary psychoactive substance in tobacco smoke, to regulate appetite and body weight is one of the factors cited by smokers that prevents them from quitting and is the primary reason for smoking initiation in teenage girls. The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.

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Section: Relationship Between Nicotine Effects On the Homeostatic Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Zoli

Picciotto

2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Discontinuing nicotine intake usually results in weight gain, which is normative after quitting smoking and greater among females than malcs (Klesges et a]., 1989(Klesges et a]., , 1997Williainson et al, 199 1). Withdrawing nicotine alters energy balance and causes weight gain partly via loss of nicotine's enhancement o f energy expenditure (Perkins et al, 1992), but more prominently via increased energy intake (Klesges et al, 1989;Perkins, 1993;Vander Weg et a]., 2001). Heightened calorie intakc of approximately 100 300 kcal!day usually begins immediately after smoking cessation (Klesges ct al., 1989) and derives in large part frotn bctwccn-meal snacks (Gilbert and Pope, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered reward value of carbohydrate snacks for female smokers withdrawn from nicotine

Spring

2003

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Discontinuing nicotine intake usually results in weight gain partially due to heightened energy intake Iirom between-mcal snacks. This experiment tested the hypothesis that the reinforcing value of palatable carbohydrate-rich snacks increases for fernale smokers dur~ng nicotine deprivation. Eighteen smokers and 18 nonsmokers completed a concurrent-schedules operant computer task on two separate days. Sniokers were biovcrified abstinent at the second testing. The operant task allowed participants to earn points rcdccmable for e~ther carbohydrate snacks or money on concurrent variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement. There were five different prohabillties of earning points rcdccmable for snacks (8%, 16%, 25%, 50%, 75%), while the probability of earning points redeemable for inoney remained fixed at 25%. Reward value of snacks was measured by switch point: the reinforcement ratio at which the effort required to earn snacks exceeded their valuc to the respondent, as signified by a shift to working for money. Results showed that siiiokcrs undergoing nicotine deprivation persisted in \vorking for snacks into Icaner reinforcement schedules than nonsmokers (F.026). Furthcr~nore, nicotine deprivation increased smokcrs' allocation of effort to earn snack foods relative to their own behavior when smoking (P.006). Variation in palatability or hunger did not cxplain these differences in snack reward value. Findings indicate that nicotine deprivation is associated with a heightened reward v a l~~e of appealing snack foods for female smokers. O

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“…Smoking in order to lose weight is often reported by women (Grunberg et al, 1986), and Pomerleau et al (1993) have identified the female 'weight-control smoker' as a group in which weight loss is a prime motive for smoking. Nicotine is well established as an appetite suppressant and, in general, smokers weigh less than nonsmokers (Comstock and Stone, 1972;Perkins et al, 1992;Crisp et al, 1999). Female sex hormones may play an important role in this effect, and Crisp et al (1999) found that smoking resulted in greater weight loss in schoolgirls only after the onset of puberty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Restriction and Nicotine can Reduce Anxiety in Female Rats

Genn

Tucci

Edwards

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Anxiety may play a role in the initiation of smoking and there is evidence to suggest that sex and age may predetermine responses to nicotine. At present, the greatest increase in smoking is in women and it is often accompanied by dieting. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the impact of dietary restriction might modify the effects of nicotine in female adult and adolescent rats. The effects of nicotine in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety were compared in free-feeding animals and those subjected to dietary restriction that reduced body weight to 85% of free-feeding weight. In nondeprived adult females, nicotine (0.05-0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the percentage of time spent on the open arms, indicating anxiogenic effects. However, the effects of nicotine were dramatically changed in food-restricted adult females and 0.05 mg/kg had a striking anxiolytic effect. No significant effects of nicotine were found in the adolescent female rats, suggesting a role of circulating sex hormones in modulating nicotine's effects on anxiety. However, in the adolescent females, dietary restriction significantly increased the percentages of time spent and entries onto the open arms, without changing closed arm entries, indicating an anxiolytic effect. These results raise the important possibility that, in prepubertal girls, dietary restriction may have anxiolytic effects and this might contribute to the onset of anorexia. Circulating female hormones reduce this effect, but in adult females the combination of dietary restriction and nicotine may have important anxiolytic effects that impact on the initiation of regular smoking.

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Effects of nicotine on hunger and eating in male and female smokers

Cited by 43 publications

References 39 publications

Nicotinic Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Nicotinic Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Altered reward value of carbohydrate snacks for female smokers withdrawn from nicotine

Dietary Restriction and Nicotine can Reduce Anxiety in Female Rats

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