Effects of Neutral Detergent Fiber from Rice Straw on Blood Metabolites and Productivity of Dairy Cows in the Tropics Center.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effects of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from rice straw on blood metabolites and productivity of dairy cows in the tropics. Eight Holstein×indigenous (75-87.5% Holstein) were randomly allocated to dietary treatments according to a double 4×4 Latin square design. Contents of roughage NDF from rice straw were 12.8, 14.8, 16.8 and 18.8% dry matter (DM) and concentrate NDF content was 10.2% DM, so that levels of dietary NDF were 23, 25, 27 and 29% DM. Dietary treatments were isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The average maximum and minimum temperature humidity index during the experimental period were 85.6 and 76.9, respectively. Plasma glucose (p<0.05), dry matter intake and 4% fat corrected milk (p<0.01) decreased with increasing contents of roughage NDF from rice straw, while rectal temperature, serum urea, cortisol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.05), serum total protein and β-hydroxybutyrate (p<0.01) increased. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05). Decreased rectal temperature and concentrations of serum cortisol were associated with decreasing levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and serum urea, but with increased concentrations of plasma glucose, DMI and 4% fat corrected milk indicating that lactating cows fed lower fiber diets were in lower oxidative stress. Therefore higher intake and metabolic efficiency in dairy cows fed diets lower in roughage NDF from rice straw would be of an advantage in productive systems under tropical conditions.

Oral administration of D-aspartate, but not L-aspartate, depresses rectal temperature and alters plasma metabolites in chicks

“…In the current study, plasma TG and UA were found to significantly decrease with the administration of D-Asp in comparison with the control chicks. This finding is consistent with the previous report by Kanjanapruthipong and Thaboot (2006), where it was revealed that decreased rectal temperature was associated with decreasing levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and serum UA in cows. It was further reported that D-Asp decreased food intake and TG in rats under free or restricted feeding conditions (Koyuncuoğlu et al, 1982b).…”

Effects of prepartum roughage neutral detergent fiber levels on periparturient dry matter intake, metabolism, and lactation in heat-stressed dairy cows

“…In addition, heifers fed a diet consisting of 75% concentrate had greater tissue energy retention than those fed a diet containing 75% alfalfa at equal ME intake (Reynolds et al, 1991b). Lactating cows under conditions of heat stress fed diets containing lower levels of roughage NDF are in lower oxidative stress (Kanjanapruthipong and Thaboot, 2006). Similarly, in this study, cow fed diets containing lower amounts of roughage NDF during the 3-wk prepartum period had lower serum NEFA and higher serum insulin concentrations.…”

“…Under hot and humid conditions, optimal nutritional management during the nonlactating period is critical. The dietary modifications used to minimize the negative effect of heat stress on DMI by dairy cattle include substitution of nonforage fiber sources for roughage (Halachmi, et al, 2004) and reduction of roughage NDF (West et al, 1999;Kanjanapruthipong and Thaboot, 2006). The effect of prepartum carbohydrate source on the risk of fatty liver is unclear, partly because changes in carbohydrate source are often confounded with changes in energy concentration, energy balance, and, in particular, the level of body fat reserves at calving (Overton and Waldron, 2004).…”

Pretreated rice straw as an improved fodder for ruminants-An overview

“…Rice straw is a good source of energy, but is poor in protein (2-7%) and its high silica content results in a low digestibility. It is considered as a low quality and variable roughage (Doyle et al, 1996), high NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content resulting in poor dry matter intake and low fat that effect on milk yield and low content in P, Cu, Zn Ca and NaCl that do not meet animal requirements (Kanjanapruthipong, et al, 2006). The way the straw is fed to animals (diet composition and level of feeding).…”