Effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on monosodium iodoacetate-induced arthritis in rats

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using natural eggshell membrane (NEM). Methods: NEM was administered at 52 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at 3 mg. NO production in serum was measured using Griess reagent. Cytokines including IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by Luminex and PGE 2, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, LTB 4, and hs-CRP were measured by ELISA. The cartilage of patella volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Results: Production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE 2, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, LTB 4 , and hs-CRP in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume increased significantly. In addition, the NEM group showed a decrease in the cartilage of patella, synovial membrane, and transformation of fibrous tissue. Conclusion: The results for NEM showed significant anti-arthritis activity. These results may be developed as a raw material for new health food to ease the symptoms mentioned above.

Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats

“…Under the conditions of this study design, NEM was well tolerated with no obvious intervention-related adverse effects. These results obtained in a rat model of RA add to the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of NEM in arthritic rats and in humans with osteoarthritis [18,19,25,29].…”

“…As reported by Sim et al, a higher dose of NEM was required (400 mg/kg/day) to reduce COMP in MIA arthritic rats than the dose administered in this study (52 mg/kg/day, representing the human equivalent dose of 500 mg per day). These findings suggest that either the MIA arthritic rat is a more severe model of arthritis, or that COMP is less sensitive to NEM, thereby exhibiting a dose response curve that is right-shifted [25].…”

“…NEM has been shown to significantly reduce the levels of both CTXII and COMP in monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritic rats, in combination with organic trace minerals (Zn, Cu, and Mn) chelated to 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoate (MintrexV R ) and when provided as a single intervention [21,25]. In agreement with previous studies, NEM reduced the level of serum CTXII by day 13 and this effect persisted through the end of the study.…”

“…Natural eggshell membrane, commercially available as NEM V R , has demonstrated safety and efficacy in multiple clinical trials in relieving joint pain and stiffness in individuals with osteoarthritis [17][18][19][20]. NEM has also been investigated for similar benefits in various animal species including a rat model of osteoarthritis [21][22][23][24][25]. Based on the previously reported efficacy of NEM in humans with osteoarthritis and in a rat model of osteoarthritis, the current study was performed to evaluate the potential efficacy of NEM in collagen-induced arthritic rats, a well-established model of RA.…”

Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane versus placebo in exercise-induced joint pain, stiffness, and cartilage turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women

“… 24 ESM is known to reduce the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the key mediators of inflammation interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) both in vitro 25 and in vivo. 26 A proprietary form of ESM, commercially available as the branded product NEM ® (natural eggshell membrane); ESM Technologies, LLC, Carthage, MO, USA), has demonstrated safety and efficacy in multiple clinical trials in relieving joint pain and stiffness in humans with OA 27 – 29 and has been shown to reduce CTX-II levels in rat models of both OA 30 and RA 31 and in naturally occurring joint disease in dogs. 32 …”