Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats

Wedekind, Karen J.; Ruff, Kevin J.; Atwell, C. A.; Evans, Joseph L; Bendele, Alison M.

doi:10.1080/14397595.2016.1259729

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…IL-17 is a cytokine during the process that T lymphocytes promote and induce the inflammation, and it has functions of promoting immune response, inflammation development and hematopoiesis ( 17 ). Results of the current study showed that the levels of IL-17 in model observation group at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05), and the level was positively correlated with AI score and pedal swelling volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis animal model

et al. 2018

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal model, and to investigate their correlations with RA. A total of 100 Wistar rats were selected, among which 60 rats were used to establish the collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) model as the model observation group, and the remaining 40 rats were used as blank control group. The levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after successful modeling. RA was evaluated by using arthritis index (AI) and pedal swelling volume. The expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rats in model observation group were higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in model observation group were gradually increased over time. In model observation group at 7 days after modeling, AI and pedal swelling volume began to be increased gradually reaching a peak at 28 days. The pedal swelling volume of CIA model rats was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.05). The increased expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rats in the CIA model observation group are correlated with the activity of disease, which can be used as reference indexes for the activity of RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis animal model

et al. 2018

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“…A hydrolysate of NEM was found to activate NF-κB in vitro, 40 and in a subsequent study employing the CIA rat model, oral supplementation with NEM substantially suppressed swelling due to inflammation and markedly lessened cartilage damage, pannus formation, and periarticular bone resorption histologically. 31 Immune tolerance to cartilage components, particularly type II collagen, from oral supplementation with NEM (which contains types I, V, and X collagen) is a more likely explanation for the longer-term reduction in CTX-II formation demonstrated here than is direct suppression of localized inflammation in the joints experiencing strain from exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“… 24 ESM is known to reduce the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the key mediators of inflammation interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) both in vitro 25 and in vivo. 26 A proprietary form of ESM, commercially available as the branded product NEM ® (natural eggshell membrane); ESM Technologies, LLC, Carthage, MO, USA), has demonstrated safety and efficacy in multiple clinical trials in relieving joint pain and stiffness in humans with OA 27 – 29 and has been shown to reduce CTX-II levels in rat models of both OA 30 and RA 31 and in naturally occurring joint disease in dogs. 32 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane versus placebo in exercise-induced joint pain, stiffness, and cartilage turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women

Ruff¹,

Morrison²,

Duncan³

et al. 2018

CIA

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PurposeDespite its many health benefits, moderate exercise can induce joint discomfort when done infrequently or too intensely even in individuals with healthy joints. This study was designed to evaluate whether NEM® (natural eggshell membrane) would reduce exercise-induced cartilage turnover or alleviate joint pain or stiffness, either directly following exercise or 12 hours post exercise, versus placebo.Patients and methodsSixty healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive either oral NEM 500 mg (n=30) or placebo (n=30) once daily for two consecutive weeks while performing an exercise regimen (50–100 steps per leg) on alternating days. The primary endpoint was any statistically significant reduction in exercise-induced cartilage turnover via the biomarker C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-II collagen (CTX-II) versus placebo, evaluated at 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints were any reductions in either exercise-induced joint pain or stiffness versus placebo, evaluated daily via participant questionnaire. The clinical assessment was performed on the per protocol population.ResultsNEM produced a significant absolute treatment effect (TEabs) versus placebo for CTX-II after both 1 week (TEabs −17.2%, P=0.002) and 2 weeks of exercise (TEabs −9.9%, P=0.042). Immediate pain was not significantly different; however, rapid treatment responses were observed for immediate stiffness (Day 7) and recovery pain (Day 8) and recovery stiffness (Day 4). No serious adverse events occurred and the treatment was reported to be well tolerated by study participants.ConclusionNEM rapidly improved recovery from exercise-induced joint pain (Day 8) and stiffness (Day 4) and reduced discomfort immediately following exercise (stiffness, Day 7). Moreover, a substantial chondroprotective effect was demonstrated via a decrease in the cartilage degradation biomarker CTX-II. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT02751944.

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“…ESM-P has been reported to have a skin-moisturising effect and to ameliorate knee joint pain [5, 6]. Similar effects have been reported for hyaluronic acid [19, 20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Eggshell membranes have been used as carbon dioxide and heavy metal absorbers [2, 3], and also in sauces such as soy sauce [4]. They have also been reported to have a skin-moisturising effect and to ameliorate knee joint pain [5, 6]. To clarify these and other potential health functions, it is important to elucidate the action mechanisms of eggshell membrane protein (ESM-P).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggshell membrane protein can be absorbed and utilised in the bodies of rats

Matsuoka¹,

Kurihara²,

Yukawa³

et al. 2019

BMC Res Notes

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Objective Eggshell membranes, the thin film lining the insides of eggshells, are constituted mostly from protein (eggshell membrane protein, ESM-P). The digestibility and dietary net protein utility of ESM-P are not known. ESM-P functions as a barrier to prevent foreign matter from reaching the egg white and yolk, so it would be expected not to decompose easily by digestion when ingested. We therefore prepared a hydrolysate of the membrane (ESM-H). In this study, we assessed the digestibility and net protein utility of ESM-P and ESM-H in rats. Results The digestibility of ESM-P and ESM-H were 87.0% and 94.8%, respectively, significantly lower than that of casein (98.5%). The net protein utility values were 84.7% and 84.6%, respectively, significantly higher than that of casein (75.1%). Digestibility was significantly higher for ESM-H than for ESM-P, but there was no significant difference in net protein utility between ESM-P and ESM-H. These results demonstrated that more than 80% of ESM-P or ESM-H is absorbed and utilised in the bodies of rats.

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Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis animal model

Expression levels of IL-15 and IL-17 in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis animal model

Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane versus placebo in exercise-induced joint pain, stiffness, and cartilage turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women

Eggshell membrane protein can be absorbed and utilised in the bodies of rats

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