Effects of Natural and Recombinant Hirudin on VEGF Expression and Random Skin Flap Survival in a Venous Congested Rat Model

Yingxin, Guo; Yin, Guowen; Li, Jiaquan; Han, Xiao

doi:10.9738/cc171.1

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…VEGF has well-established functions, including stimulating proliferation of endothelial cells and promoting ischemic flap revascularization, that lead to improved flap survival. [17][18][19] Our previous study also showed that Traditional Chinese Medicines, such as Muscone, have positive effects to promote the survival of random skin flap as well as enhance the expression of VEGF. 20 In this study, the expression of VEGF in salidroside-treated flaps was markedly higher, compared with the control group, both in terms of immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Salidroside Promotes Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis

Chen

Zhou

Weng

et al. 2016

J reconstr Microsurg

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Flap necrosis is frequently observed in flap transfer operations. Salidroside has been reported to reduce cell apoptosis by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of salidroside on the survival of random skin flaps. The McFarlane flap model was established in 80 rats that were divided into two groups and administered salidroside or saline solution intraperitoneally over 7 days. The area of necrosis and the extent of tissue edema were measured. Angiogenesis was assessed via lead oxide-gelatin angiography, immunohistochemistry for CD34, and VEGF expression. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by expression of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2. The inflammatory response was evaluated using an ELISA kit for TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Compared with controls, salidroside-treated flaps featured a greater area of surviving tissue and less edema. It also promoted the expression of VEGF and increased skin flap angiogenesis. Cell apoptosis, inflammation reaction, and oxidative stress were significantly attenuated in the salidroside group. Salidroside has a positive effect on improving random skin flap survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Salidroside Promotes Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis

Chen

Zhou

Weng

et al. 2016

J reconstr Microsurg

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“…56) Increased VEGF expression showed improved microvascular perfusion and enhanced neovascularization in skin flap surgeries. 39,56,57) It has been reported that therapeutic potentials of natural antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate on flap survival by inducing VEGF expression. 39) On the other hand, same compound inhibits pathological VEGF in cancerous tissue.…”

Section: Fig 4 Regional Blood Perfusion In the Skin Flapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Systemic Chlorogenic Acid on Random-Pattern Dorsal Skin Flap Survival in Diabetic Rats

Bağdaş

Etoz

Inan

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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There has been considerable interest in understanding the effects of antioxidants in flap survival during diabetes. Previous studies showed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) exhibits potent antioxidant effects. We aimed to determine the effects of systemic CGA treatment on skin flap survival in an experimental random-pattern dorsal skin flap model in diabetic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated or CGA-treated nondiabetic rats, PBS-treated or CGA-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Caudally based bipedicled dorsal skin flaps were elevated. CGA (100 mg/kg) or PBS (mL/kg; as vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally once daily. On postoperative day 7, flap survival, regional blood perfusion and microangiography were evaluated. The malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated from the flap tissue. Capillary density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were assessed. Harmful effects of diabetes on flap survival were observed. CGA attenuated these effects and allowed greater survival and blood perfusion. CGA decreased MDA and NO levels and increased GSH and SOD levels. CGA elevated capillary density and VEGF expression. This study showed that peripherally administered CGA significantly improved flap survival in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.Key words antioxidant; chlorogenic acid; diabetes; dorsal skin flap; flap survival; oxidative stress Skin flaps are widely used in the repair of local tissue loss and the reconstruction of several tissue defects. Flap necrosis is frequently observed in flap tissues in the postoperative period and is an unwanted effect of healing. Many factors are known to play a role in this major complication such as ischemia, inadequate blood flow and disturbed venous drainage.

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“…If this cannot be treated effectively, flap necrosis is likely to occur. Venous congestion leads to skin swelling and purple discoloration (26). According to the present study, the area of swollen skin in the experimental groups was significantly less than in the control group (by general observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…DG may potentially improve flap survival via various mechanisms. It has been reported that venous crisis is more common than arterial crisis following flap surgery (26). If this cannot be treated effectively, flap necrosis is likely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on random skin flap survival in rats: An experimental study

Gao

Lin

et al. 2016

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. Partial necrosis of skin flaps continues to restrict the survival of local skin flaps following plastic and reconstructive surgeries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a salt of glycyrrhetinic acid that has been widely used in the therapy of chronic hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, on random skin flap survival in rats. McFarlane flaps were established in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into three groups. Group I served as the control group and was injected with saline (10 mg/kg) once per day. Group II and group III were the experimental groups, and were injected with 10 mg/kg DG once and twice per day, respectively. On day 7, the survival area of the flap was measured. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically evaluated. Tissue edema, neutrophil density, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. The mean survival areas of the flaps of group II were significantly larger when compared with those of group I (P<0.05), and the rats of group III exhibited significantly higher survival areas than group II (P<0.05). Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that microvessel development and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in the two experimental groups than in the control group. Furthermore, SOD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the neutrophil density and MDA level were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in group II when compared with group I. Significant differences between group II and group III with regard to SOD activity and MDA level were also observed (P<0.05). Thus, DG may have a dose-dependent effect on promoting the survival of random skin flaps.

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Effects of Natural and Recombinant Hirudin on VEGF Expression and Random Skin Flap Survival in a Venous Congested Rat Model

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Salidroside Promotes Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis

Salidroside Promotes Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis

Effects of Systemic Chlorogenic Acid on Random-Pattern Dorsal Skin Flap Survival in Diabetic Rats

Effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on random skin flap survival in rats: An experimental study

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