Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements on cardiometabolic profiles in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity in Inner Mongolia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Daily supplementation with n-3 fatty acid (FA) has been believed to be an adjunct or alternative to drug treatments to reduce blood pressure (BP) and triglyceride (TG) levels in western patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Wheat bran/germ, muffins, cassava powder, sunflower seed or regular diets were chosen as the control regimen in these studies. Flaxseed oil has been tested in 10 trials [ 29 , 35 , 37 – 39 , 41 , 45 , 47 , 51 , 52 , 54 ] with doses of 0.4 to 24 g/d. The control regimens included oils enriched in the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as soybean oil or/and in the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as safflower oil, corn oil or sunflower oil.…”

“…Studies were performed in patients with different dyslipidemia related diseases: 2 studies were performed in patients with NAFLD [ 47 , 48 ], 16 in patients with dyslipidemia [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 30 – 32 , 35 – 40 , 45 , 46 , 50 , 53 ], 7 in patents with overweight or obesity [ 21 , 22 , 29 , 33 , 41 – 44 ], 3 in patients with MetSyn [ 28 , 49 , 52 ], and 2 in patients with atherosclerosis [ 34 , 51 ]. According to the classification of dyslipidemia status, 4 studies were performed in patients with hypertriglyceridemia [ 45 , 47 – 49 ], 7 in patients with hypercholesterolemia [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 30 – 32 , 35 ], 10 in patients with multiple dyslipidemia states [ 28 , 36 – 40 , 44 , 46 , 50 , 53 ], and 6 in patients with non-dyslipidemia [ 22 , 29 , 34 , 42 , 43 , 51 ]. Moreover, 14 studies were performed in patients with BMI 25- < 30 kg/m 2 [ 19 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 37 – 39 , 45 – 47 , 50 , 53 ], and 10 in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 [ …”

“…According to the classification of dyslipidemia status, 4 studies were performed in patients with hypertriglyceridemia [ 45 , 47 – 49 ], 7 in patients with hypercholesterolemia [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 30 – 32 , 35 ], 10 in patients with multiple dyslipidemia states [ 28 , 36 – 40 , 44 , 46 , 50 , 53 ], and 6 in patients with non-dyslipidemia [ 22 , 29 , 34 , 42 , 43 , 51 ]. Moreover, 14 studies were performed in patients with BMI 25- < 30 kg/m 2 [ 19 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 37 – 39 , 45 – 47 , 50 , 53 ], and 10 in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 [ 21 , 33 , 40 – 44 , 48 , 49 , 52 ].…”

“…Overall, 1,698 participants were assigned into these trials randomly, in that 875 individuals were allocated to the flaxseed intervention group and 823 to the control group. The 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were published from 1993 to 2020, and were conducted in China (n = 3) [19,28,29], United States (n = 6) [21,23,[30][31][32][33], Canada (n = 3) [34][35][36], Japan (n = 1) [20], Greece (n = 3) [37][38][39], Brazil (n = 5) [22,[40][41][42][43], Demark (n = 1) [44], Germany (n = 1) [45], India (n = 1) [46], and Iran (n = 7) [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Four trials were conducted exclusively in men [20,[37][38][39], 2 trials were conducted in women [31,44], the remaining 25 RCTs were conducted in both sexes.…”

Does omega-3 lower blood pressure?

“…[ 4 ] Some recent clinical trials proposed that omega-3 had a hypotensive efficacy in hypertensive patients. [ 12 , 13 ] Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis might change the conclusion about omega-3 treating hypertension patients.…”