Lipid extract from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) improves glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Studies have shown that blue mussel lipid extract (BMLE) has strong anti‐inflammatory activity in both rheumatoid arthritis patients and animal arthritis models. Chronic inflammation was closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Though the beneficial effects cannot be completely attributed to n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the aim of this study was to investigate whether BMLE can improve glycemic traits of T2DM patients. Method In a double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 133 Chinese T2DM participants were randomized to either fish oil (FO, n = 44), BMLE (n = 44), or corn oil (CO, n = 45) groups for 60 days. The participants were asked to take the corresponding oil capsules (two capsules per day, 0.8 g per capsule), which provided 1.6 g day−1 of FO (29.9% eicosapentaenoic acid + 20.4% docosahexaenoic acid), BMLE (20.7% eicosapentaenoic acid + 26.7% docosahexaenoic acid), or CO (53.5% linoleic acid). Results The fasting serum concentration of insulin (P = 0.005) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (P = 0.026) were significantly decreased in the BMLE group, whereas no significant change was found in the FO or CO groups. There was no significant difference between groups on serum glycosylated hemoglobin. Tumor necrosis factor‐α was significantly decreased in the BMLE group (P = 0.003), but not in the FO or CO groups. A significant decrease of interleukin‐1β was observed in the BMLE and CO groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.011 respectively), but not in the FO group. The total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the BMLE and CO groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively), but not in the FO group. Triacylglycerol was significantly decreased in the BMLE group (P = 0.007), but not in the FO or CO groups. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in the BMLE and CO groups than in the FO group (P = 0.003). Conclusion Blue mussel lipid supplements improved glycemic traits, inflammatory cytokines, and lipids profile in Chinese T2DM patients (Chinese Clinical Trial Registration number: ChiCTR1900025617). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of lipid extract from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) on gut microbiota, and its relationship with glycemic traits in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

“…38 A decrease in TNF-α and Il-1β in the BMLE group was also observed in our previous study. 10 However, no significant correlation between the changes in Erysipelotrichaceae or Turicibacter and the changes in inflammatory factors was…”

“…Changes in PUFA in erythrocyte phospholipids were reported in our previous study with the same batch samples: erythrocyte phospholipids C18:2n-6 was significantly increased in the CO group, phospholipids C20:5n-3 was significantly increased in the FO and BMLE groups, and phospholipids C22:6n-3 was significantly increased in the BMLE group. 10 Erythrocyte phospholipids C22:6n-3 were positively correlated with the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae (r = 0.191, p = 0.042) (Table S10 †). Erythrocyte phospholipid C20:5n-3 was positively correlated with the abundance of Turicibacter (r = 0.250, p = 0.007) (Table S11 †).…”

“…The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as glucose (mmol L −1 ) × insulin (mU L −1 )/22.5. 10,21 HbA1c was measured using a Huizhong MQ6000 glycosylated hemoglobin analyzer. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-β (IL1-β), and IL-10 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Shanghai Jining Industrial Co., Shanghai, China).…”

“…Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-β (IL1-β), and IL-10 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Shanghai Jining Industrial Co., Shanghai, China). 10 Erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. 10…”

“…9 Our previous study showed that mussel lipid supplements could effectively improve the glycemic traits, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid profile of patients with T2DM, but the mechanism is still unclear. 10 It has been reported that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases, especially T2DM. 11,12 Fish oil (FO) can improve inflammation and the immune system by regulating gut microbiota, and its main bioactive compound is n-3 PUFA.…”