Effects of myricetin on testicular torsion‐detorsion injury in rats

Abstract

Testicular torsion is an emergency that causes the reduction of blood flow in the testis and surrounding structures in neonates, children and adolescents owing to the rotation of the spermatic cord around itself (Yilmaz et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2012). Early diagnosis and surgical management are required to prevent infertility and subfertility (Akgur et al., 1993). The incidence in men under 25 years is 1/4,000 (Mansour et al., 2019). Of the patients, 61% are under 21 years of age and have a bimodal age distribution. It peaks in two separate periods: in neonatal patients and those approximately 13 years of age (Kapoor, 2008; Gomes Dde et al., 2015). Interestingly, the frequency of testicular torsion was associated with environmental factors. In winter, especially in December, the frequency of testicular torsion increased (14%) (Lyronis et al., 2009). Testicular torsion should be diagnosed within the first 4-6 hr. Especially if there is complete spermatic cord torsion (i.e. 720-degree rotation), as it causes irreversible ischaemic damage and gonad loss in the testis (Asgari et al., 2006). Despite successful surgical intervention, 40%-60% of testicular atrophy may develop into infertility in the following years (Yildirim et al., 2018). The main pathophysiology of testicular torsion is, after ischaemic injury induced by a torsioned spermatic cord, surgical detorsion causes reperfusion injury due to free oxygen radicals (Anim et al., 2005). Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage occurs because of the stimulation of an intracellular cascade containing activation of

Sinapic acid reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion in rats

“…Numerous therapeutic agents have been applied to prevent testis against IRI following testicular torsion in animal models. These studies suggest that treatment against IRI following testicular torsion‐detorsion may lead to decreased inflammation, decreased oxidative stress and changes in testicular morphology (Acer‐Demir et al., 2020; Ekşi et al., 2020; Gozukara et al., 2020; Keseroglu et al., 2020). On the other hand, although the testis is the organ most susceptible to torsion, there is no satisfactory clinical research in the literature on this subject.…”

Mirisetinin Testiküler İskemi Reperfüzyon ile İndüklenen Testis ve Akciğer Hasarına Karşı Etkileri

“…38 Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in I/R injury studies because the MDA level elevates parallel to both non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation and aft er testicular injury as well. 39 Similarly, MPO, which increases in the I/R process, is an enzyme with strong prooxidative and proinfl ammatory properties, released by activated neutrophils. MPO is basically an indicator of neutrophil infi ltration into cells.…”

“…18,19,31 Diff erent doses of MYR have been reported to reduce MDA and MPO levels in many diff erent studies. 39,42,43 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) exists in diff erent parts of the cell, such as mitochondria, cytosol, or extracellular membranes, to reduce the superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. 44 SOD decreases in case of I/R injury.…”

Leech therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) attenuates testicular damages induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model

“…The tissue processing procedure was performed based on previously published studies [ 42 , 43 ]. Samples that were taken from testicular tissue after orchidectomy surgery and fixed in a 10% formalin buffer solution were utilized for pathological evaluations.…”