Effects of Morphine and Alcohol on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis, Immunity, and Cognitive Behavior

Chang, Sulie L.; Liu, Xiangqian

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4729-0_15

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[ 31 ] Morphine withdrawal syndrome increases the HPA axis activity, by changes in gene expression in selective neurons of the Para-ventricular nucleus. [ 32 33 34 ] The regulation of blood glucose level in intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of exogenous and endogenous opioid alone or during opioid withdrawal syndrome, evaluated in these studies, established that both morphine and β-endorphin administered (i.c.v.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs, blood cortisol and glucose level with forced exercise in comparison with clonidine

et al. 2014

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Background:Morphine withdrawal usually results in undesired outcomes, despite partial benefits of alternative medication such as methadone, because of the lack of mental sedation during the withdrawal period, may not lead to the desired result. In this study, forced exercise by treadmill is used to manage morphine dependence in animal model.Materials and Methods:Forty adult male mice were divided into 5 groups, from which 4 groups became dependent by increasing daily doses of morphine for 6 days (20-45 mg/kg, SC). Afterwards, the animals were treated for 21 days by either of the following protocol: Positive control (dependent) received once daily 45 mg/kg of morphine sulfate (SC) for 21 day, group under treatment by clonidine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) for 21 day group under treatment by forced exercise by treadmill for 21 day, group under treatment by combination of clonidine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) and forced exercise by treadmill for 21day and the negative control group(independent) received saline injection like other groups. Each of this administration was injected at 8 AM. Finally, in the test day (day 28), all animals received a single dose of naloxone (3 mg/kg, SC) at 8 AM and then were observed for withdrawal signs, and Total Withdrawal Score (TWS) was determined as described previously. After withdrawal sign evaluation for evaluation of stress level of dependent mice, blood cortisol and glucose level were measured in non-fasting situations well.Results:This study showed that TWS significantly decreased in all treatment groups in comparison with positive control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, blood cortisol and glucose level significantly decreased in group under treatment by clonidine (0.4 mg/kg) and group under treatment by combination of clonidine (0.4 mg/kg) and forced exercise by treadmill groups in comparison with control positive (dependent) (P < 0.05).Conclusion:This study suggested that forced exercise can be useful as adjunct therapy in dependent people and can ameliorate side effects and stress situation of withdrawal syndrome periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs, blood cortisol and glucose level with forced exercise in comparison with clonidine

et al. 2014

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“…SARS‐CoV‐2 triggers systemic inflammation, cytokine storms, coagulopathy, and lung injury‐associated hypoxia which increases BBB permeability (Chen et al, 2022). Furthermore, alcohol is associated with neurotoxicity via pro‐apoptotic Mcl‐1L/Mcl‐1S ratios and compromised neural immunity through the HPA axis (Chang & Liu, 2013; Donadoni et al, 2019; Sariyer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Gene Total Analyses No Aud Analyses Trima Average Aud Z‐scor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on “Repeated ethanol exposure and withdrawal alters angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression in discrete brain regions: Implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 neuroinvasion”

Chang

Zhang

2023

Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Effects of Morphine and Alcohol on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis, Immunity, and Cognitive Behavior

Cited by 2 publications

References 220 publications

Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs, blood cortisol and glucose level with forced exercise in comparison with clonidine

Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs, blood cortisol and glucose level with forced exercise in comparison with clonidine

Commentary on “Repeated ethanol exposure and withdrawal alters angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression in discrete brain regions: Implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 neuroinvasion”

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