Effects of moderate- versus high- intensity swimming training on inflammatory and CD4+ T cell subset profiles in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Xie, Yu; Li, Zhengyi; Wang, Yong; Xue, Xiaoxu; Ma, Wenhui; Zhang, Yijie; Wang, Junpeng

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.12.005

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Positive effects of high‐intensity, but not moderate‐intensity, swimming were recently reported in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced EAE . In contrast, we found that both training intensities attenuated autoimmunity in an intensity‐dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Fainstein

Tyk

Touloumi

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Background Exercise training (ET) has beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the intensity‐dependent effects of ET on the systemic immune system in EAE remain undefined. Objective (1) To compare the systemic immune modulatory effects of moderate versus high‐intensity ET protocols in protecting against development of EAE; (2) To investigate whether ET affects autoimmunity selectively, or causes general immunosuppression. Methods Healthy mice performed moderate or high‐intensity treadmill running programs. Proteolipid protein (PLP)‐induced transfer EAE was utilized to examine ET effects specifically on the systemic immune system. Lymph node (LN)‐T cells from trained versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE severity was assessed, by clinical assessment and histopathological analysis. LN‐T cells derived from donor trained versus sedentary PLP‐immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for proliferation assays by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression using real‐time PCR. T cell‐dependent immune responses of trained versus sedentary mice to the nonautoantigen ovalbumin and susceptibility to Escherichia coli‐induced acute peritonitis were examined. Results High‐intensity training in healthy donor mice induced significantly greater inhibition than moderate‐intensity training on proliferation and generation of encephalitogenic T cells in response to PLP‐immunization, and on EAE severity upon their transfer into recipient mice. High‐intensity training also inhibited LN‐T cell proliferation in response to ovalbumin immunization. E. coli bacterial counts and dissemination were not affected by training. Interpretation High‐intensity training induces superior effects in preventing autoimmunity in EAE, but does not alter immune responses to E. coli infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Fainstein

Tyk

Touloumi

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…In particular, acute or chronic physical exercise may further affect the number and function of diverse cells of innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer cells [29,30]. There is additional evidence that increase in lymphocyte occurs during and after exercise, affects both T-and B cells, and regulates balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [10,29]. In the present results, we found that swimming exercise significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators to the same extent as IFN-β treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular exercise can contribute to suppressing pathogenic infections by enhancing antigen-specific immune responses [9,10]. Swimming exercise improves muscle endurance, pro-motes anti-inflammatory action and has a neuroprotective effect [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming Exercise Ameliorates Symptoms of MOG-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Demyelination in Rats

Kim¹,

Yi²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

Int Neurourol J

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Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nerve system, resulting in cumulative loss of motor function. Multiple sclerosis is induced through multiple mechanisms and is caused by inflammation and demyelination. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of swimming exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, an animal model of multiple sclerosis.Methods: EAE was induced by an intradermal injection of 50-μg purified myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33–55 (MOG<sub>33-55</sub>) dissolved in 200-μL saline at the base of the tail. The rats in the swimming exercise group were made to swim for 30 minutes once pert a day for 26 consecutive days, starting 5 days after induction of EAE. To compare the effect of swimming exercise with interferon-β, a drug for multiple sclerosis, interferon-β was injected intraperitoneally into rats of the EAE-induced and interferon-β-treated group during the exercise period.Results: Injection of MOG<sub>33-55</sub> caused weight loss, decreased clinical disability score, and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar spinal cord. Loss of motor function and weakness increased demyelination score. Swimming exercise suppressed demyelination and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These changes promoted recovery of EAE symptoms such as body weight loss, motor dysfunction, and weakness. Swimming exercise caused the same level of improvement as interferon-β treatment.Conclusions: The results of this experiment suggest the possibility of swimming exercise in urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Swimming exercises can be considered for relief of symptom in incurable multiple sclerosis.

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“…More recently, preventive high-intensity swimming has been shown to reduce EAE disability and the number of spinal cord infiltrating cells (44). Exercise upregulated Tregs in both spinal cord and lymph nodes, reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 levels and increased the amount of TGF-β and IL-10 in spinal cord, confirming that exercise bears neuroprotection through immunomodulatory activity.…”

Section: Immune Players In Ms Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in Experimental Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2019

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Though a specific antigen has not been identified, it is widely accepted that MS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by myelin-directed immune attack. Pharmacological treatments for MS are based on immunomodulatory or immunosuppressant drugs, designed to attenuate or dampen the immune reaction, to improve neurological functions. Recently, rehabilitation has gained increasing attention in the scientific community dealing with MS. Engagement of people with MS in exercise programs has been associated with a number of functional improvements in mobility, balance, and motor coordination. Moreover, several studies indicate the effectiveness of exercise against fatigue and mood disorders that are frequently associated with the disease. However, whether exercise acts like an immunomodulatory therapy is still an unresolved question. A good tool to address this issue is provided by the study of the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in an animal model of MS, including the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the Theiler's virus induced-demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) and toxic-demyelinating models, cuprizone (CPZ), and lysolecithin (LPC). So far, despite the availability of different animal models, most of the pre-clinical data have been gained in EAE and to a lesser extent in CPZ and LPC. These studies have highlighted beneficial effects of exercise, suggesting the modulation of both the innate and the adaptive immune response in the peripheral blood as well as in the brain. In the present paper, starting from the biological differences among MS animal models in terms of immune system involvement, we revise the literature regarding the effects of exercise in EAE, CPZ, and LPC, and critically highlight the advantages of either model, including the so-far unexplored TMEV-IDD, to address the immune effects of exercise in MS.

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Effects of moderate- versus high- intensity swimming training on inflammatory and CD4+ T cell subset profiles in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Swimming Exercise Ameliorates Symptoms of MOG-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Demyelination in Rats

Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in Experimental Multiple Sclerosis

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