Effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analog chelate in sow diets on epigenetic modification and growth of progeny

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (MMHAC) partially replacing inorganic trace minerals in sow diets on epigenetic and transcriptional changes in muscle and jejunum of progeny. The MMHAC is zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) chelated with methionine hydroxy analogue (Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-MHAC). On d 35 of gestation, 60 pregnant sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized completed block design using parity as a block: (1) ITM: inorganic trace minerals with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), manganese oxide (MnO), and copper sulfate (CuSO4) and (2) CTM: 50% of ITM was replaced with MMHAC (MINTREXtrace minerals, Novus International Inc., St Charles, MO). Gestation and lactation diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements. On d 1 and 18 of lactation, milk samples from 16 sows per treatment were collected to measure immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and micromineral concentrations. Two pigs per litter were selected to collect blood to measure the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum, and then euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa, jejunum tissues, and longissimus muscle to measure global DNA methylation, histone acetylation, cytokines, and jejunal histomorphology at birth and d 18 of lactation. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED of SAS. Supplementation of MMHAC tended to decrease (P = 0.059) body weight (BW) loss of sows during lactation and tended to increase (P = 0.098) piglet BW on d 18 of lactation. Supplementation of MMHAC increased (P < 0.05) global histone acetylation and tended to decrease myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) (P = 0.068) and delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid1 (DEGS1) mRNA (P = 0.086) in longissimus muscle of piglets at birth. Supplementation of MMHAC decreased (P < 0.05) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA in the jejunum and DEGS1 mRNA in longissimus muscle, and tended to decrease mucin-2 (MUC2) mRNA (P = 0.057) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA (P = 0.057) in the jejunum of piglets on d 18 of lactation. There were, however, no changes in the amounts of TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-β, MUC2, and MYF6 in the tissues by MMHAC. In conclusion, maternal supplementation of MMHAC could contribute to histone acetylation and programming in the fetus, which potentially regulates intestinal health and skeletal muscle development of piglets at birth and weaning, possibly leading to enhanced growth of their piglets.

Role of milk carbohydrates in intestinal health of nursery pigs: a review

“…Thus, crypt cell proliferation has been used as a marker showing the status of intestinal maturation, development, or maintenance of pigs. According to Jang et al [88], the proportion of proliferating cells in a jejunal crypt of neonatal piglets was near 50%, and then the proportion was decreased by 17% on d 18 of lactation. In addition, weaning stress is shown to negatively influence physiological functions and morphology of enterocytes in nursey pigs, causing increased apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation that are critical in recovery, development, maintenance of intestinal epithelium [89][90][91].…”

Assessment of the application for microelement methionine hydroxy analogue chelate replacing amino acid chelate in pregnant sows

“…All these results indicate that Zn-, Cu-and Mn-MHAC can greatly improve the production e ciency of the LY 1st parity sows compared with amino acid chelated (AAC) trace element which is consistent with previous reports on sows, piglets, broilers, cows and other animals which made comparison between methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (MHAC) and inorganic trace elements. A similar study of sows showed that sows fed Cu-, Zn-and Mn-MHAC affects the intestinal health of fetuses and piglets, promotes the development of skeletal muscle to improves the growth performance of offspring [27]. Cu-MHAC even 50% Cu-, Zn-, Mn-MHAC substitution also signi cantly increased feed intake and weight gain of piglets, resulting in better muscle development [27,42].…”

“…A similar study of sows showed that sows fed Cu-, Zn-and Mn-MHAC affects the intestinal health of fetuses and piglets, promotes the development of skeletal muscle to improves the growth performance of offspring [27]. Cu-MHAC even 50% Cu-, Zn-, Mn-MHAC substitution also signi cantly increased feed intake and weight gain of piglets, resulting in better muscle development [27,42]. In addition, Zn-MHAC improved milk production and signi cantly inhibited the in ammatory response of udder [43].…”

“…Trace elements chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine as a common dietary trace element supplement was proved to have good stability and bioavailability without apparent toxicity [24,25]. Studies have proved that methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (MHAC) trace elements effected on lameness, growth, and body composition of sow [26,27]. And experiments on cows and poultry show that methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (MHAC) trace elements signi cantly improve growth performance[28], laying performance [29], mineral deposition [30] and immune function [31] compared with inorganic trace element.…”

Intestinal Damages by F18+ Escherichia coli and Its Amelioration with an Antibacterial Bacitracin Fed to Nursery Pigs

“…The concentration of TNF-α was measured in serum and mucosa samples using the Porcine TNF-α Immunoassay Kit (#PTA00; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) as previously described by Holanda and Kim [24]. The concentration of protein carbonyl was measured using the OxiSelect Protein carbonyl ELISA Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) as previously described by Jang et al [25].…”