Effects of midazolam on explicit vs implicit memory in a pediatric surgery setting

Stewart, Sherry H.; Buffett-Jerrott, Susan E.; Finley, G. Allen; Wright, Kristi D.; Gomez, Teresa Valois

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0402-7

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Drugs currently used in clinical practice are reported in the following studies: midazolam was investigated in 33 trials [7, 14–16, 19, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 39–45, 47, 48, 50–54, 59, 61, 63, 66–71], nitrous oxide in seven [26, 30, 34, 42, 46, 50, 51], ketamine in eight [13–17, 26, 34, 37, 44, 49, 70], dexmedetomidine in one [49] and propofol in four [13, 14, 46, 47]. Besides, all drugs investigated in 23 studies were the ones currently used: 19 involved midazolam [7, 19, 27, 31, 33, 35, 40, 41, 50–52, 54, 61, 63, 66–70], three nitrous oxide [46, 50, 51], four ketamine [13, 17, 49, 70], one dexmedetomidine [49] and two propofol [13,46]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the level of evidence for the amnestic effects of sedatives in pediatric patients? A systematic review and meta-analyses

et al. 2017

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BackgroundStudies have suggested that benzodiazepines are amnestic drug par excellence, but when taken together, what level of evidence do they generate? Are other sedatives as amnestic as benzodiazepines? The aim of this study was to assess the level of scientific evidence for the amnestic effect of sedatives in pediatric patients who undergo health procedures.MethodsThe literature was searched to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated anterograde and retrograde amnesia in 1-19-year-olds who received sedative drugs during health procedures. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library besides clinical trial registries and grey literature were searched. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration's Tool. The meta-analyses were performed by calculating relative risk (RR) to 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsFifty-four studies were included (4,168 participants). A higher occurrence of anterograde amnesia was observed when benzodiazepines, the most well-studied sedatives (n = 47), were used than when placebo was used (n = 12) (RR = 3.10; 95% CI: 2.30–4.19, P<0.001; I2 = 14%), with a moderate level of evidence. Higher doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists (clonidine/dexmedetomidine) produced more anterograde amnesia than lower doses (n = 2) (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.03–3.25; P = 0.038; I2 = 0%), with a low level of evidence; benzodiazepines’ amnestic effects were not dose-dependent (n = 3) (RR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.96–2.49; P = 0.07; I2 = 12%) but the evidence was low. A qualitative analysis showed that retrograde amnesia did not occur in 8 out of 10 studies.ConclusionsIn children, moderate evidence support that benzodiazepines induce anterograde amnesia, whereas the evidence for other sedatives is weak and based on isolated and small studies. Further clinical trials focused on the amnesia associated with non-benzodiazepine sedatives are therefore needed.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42015017559.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the level of evidence for the amnestic effects of sedatives in pediatric patients? A systematic review and meta-analyses

et al. 2017

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“…the Stroop task) might have been compromised if the explicit cognitions measure (i.e. the ACQNow) preceded it (see Stewart, Buffett-Jerrott, Finley, Wright, & Valois Gomez, 2006), thus we presented the Stroop task prior to the post-MMIP ACQ-Now. However, it is possible that the Stroop task might have differentially impacted the effects of the MMIPs (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Experimentally Induced Positive and Anxious Mood on Alcohol Expectancy Strength in Internally Motivated Drinkers

Grant¹,

Stewart

2007

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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The effects of musically-induced positive and anxious mood on explicit alcohol-related cognitions (alcohol expectancy strength) in 47 undergraduate students who consume alcohol either to enhance positive mood states (for enhancement motives) or to cope with anxiety (for anxiety-related coping motives) were investigated. Pre- and post-mood induction, participants completed the emotional reward and emotional relief subscales of the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire - Now. The hypothesis that anxiety-related coping motivated drinkers in the anxious mood condition (but not those in the positive mood condition) would exhibit increases in strength of explicit emotional relief alcohol expectancies after the mood induction was supported. An additional, unanticipated finding was that enhancement-motivated drinkers in the anxious condition also showed significant increases in strength of explicit emotional relief (but not emotional reward) alcohol expectancies. The hypothesis that enhancement-motivated (but not anxiety-related coping motivated) participants would exhibit increases in explicit emotional reward expectancies following exposure to the positive mood induction procedure was not supported. Taken together with past research findings, the current results highlight the importance of distinguishing between subtypes of negative affect (i.e., anxious and depressed affect) in exploring the affective antecedents of explicit alcohol outcome expectancies.

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“…1,3,6,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17] Multiple investigators have reported transient cognitive impairment after administration of midazolam in different clinical settings, including gastrointestinal endoscopy, 1,12,13,17 pediatric anesthesia, 6,14-16 and outpatient OMS. 3,10,11 However, most of these studies used various psychomotor assessments as their primary outcome measurement and did not specifically assess recovery room LOS, as was performed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Intravenous Midazolam Dose Influence the Duration of Recovery Room Stay Following Outpatient Third Molar Surgery?

Ettinger

Jacob

Viozzi

et al. 2015

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Effects of midazolam on explicit vs implicit memory in a pediatric surgery setting

Abstract: Overall, it appears that midazolam induces a dissociation between explicit and implicit memory in young children in the pediatric surgery setting. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed along with directions for future research.

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

What is the level of evidence for the amnestic effects of sedatives in pediatric patients? A systematic review and meta-analyses

What is the level of evidence for the amnestic effects of sedatives in pediatric patients? A systematic review and meta-analyses

Impact of Experimentally Induced Positive and Anxious Mood on Alcohol Expectancy Strength in Internally Motivated Drinkers

Does Intravenous Midazolam Dose Influence the Duration of Recovery Room Stay Following Outpatient Third Molar Surgery?

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