Effects of Microwave Radiation on Cotton Dyeing
with Reactive Blue 21 Dye

Ghaffar, Abdul; Adeel, Shahid; Habib, Noman; Jalal, Fatima; Haq, Atta ul; Munir, Bushra; Ahmad, Aftab; Jahangeer, Muhammad; Jamil, Qasim

doi:10.15244/pjoes/84774

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Other signals of the non-irradiated dyed sample, at 2080, 2052, and 2023 cm −1 , characterizing conjugated double bond systems from condensed aromatic entities, which underwent structural modification, completely disappeared after irradiation. The process of UV irradiation of colored cotton results in the production of free radicals and the initiation of chemical reactions, such as depolymerization, dehydrogenation, dehydroxylation, dehydromethylation, and evolvement of carbon dioxide [29][30][31][32]. Remarkable is the decrease in the intensity of the absorption band around 1730 cm −1 , attributed to the carbonyl group, observed in the FTIR spectrum of the photoirradiated sample, which suggests that photodegradation occurs on the colored cotton sample exposed under a UV light source mainly by the chain split.…”

Section: Structural Modification Studies By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Stability of a Cotton Fabric Surface Dyed with a Reactive Triphenodioxazine Dye

Roşu¹,

Gavat

Roşu³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The paper describes the photochemical stability of a commercial triphenodioxazine dye (Reactive Blue_204) linked onto a cotton fabric. Preliminary studies have shown that as a result of irradiation, the dye and its photodegradation products can pass directly onto the skin under conditions that mimic human perspiration and cause side-effects. The cotton dyed fabric was photo irradiated at different time intervals. Standard methods were employed to evaluate the color strength at various levels of pH, temperature, dyeing contact time, and salt concentration. The influence of UV radiation at different doses (λ > 300 nm) on the structural and color modifications of the dyed cotton fabrics was studied. Structural modifications before and after irradiation were compared by applying FTIR, UV–Vis, and near infrared chemical imaging (NIR–CI) techniques. Color modifications were investigated with the CIELAB system. Color differences significantly increased with the irradiation dose. High irradiation doses caused changes in the dye structure.

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Section: Structural Modification Studies By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Stability of a Cotton Fabric Surface Dyed with a Reactive Triphenodioxazine Dye

Roşu¹,

Gavat

Roşu³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…Cotton fiber is popularly used in the production of apparel because of its inherent hydrophilicity, comfort, dyeability, flexibility, and breathability [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, cotton fiber requires tedious modification processes, such as ultraviolet irradiation [ 5 ], ultrasound [ 6 ], microwave irradiation [ 7 ], gamma irradiation [ 8 ], and plasma treatment [ 9 ] to overcome the limited surface wettability, functional characteristics, and dyeing performance. However, these processes are costly, environmentally unpleasant, and lack scale-up feasibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

et al. 2022

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The dyeing process commonly deteriorates the luster of pre-mercerized cotton fabric, so post-mercerization processes are regularly applied to compensate for this. Herein, the influence of combining pre-mercerization with CS (caustic solution) or LA (liquid ammonia) and post-mercerization with CS or LA on the morphological structure, dyeing performance, tensile strength, and stiffness of woven cotton fabric was investigated. The crystallinity index values greatly decreased from 73.12 to 51.25, 58.73, 38.42, and 40.90% after the combined mercerization processes of LA–LA, CS–CS, LA–CS, and CS–LA, respectively. Additionally, the CS–LA- and LA–CS-treated samples exhibited a mixture of cellulose II and cellulose III allomorphs. The combined mercerization processing of cotton fabric resulted in slightly worse thermal stability. The LA and CS pre-mercerization processes increased the dye exhaustion, although the former decreased the dye fixation rate while the latter increased it by 4% for both dyes. The color strength of the dyed cotton fabric increased after both post-mercerization processes. Moreover, the fabric stiffness and mechanical properties showed an increasing trend due to the combined mercerization efforts.

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“…On the other hand, gummy materials provide a harsh and rigid performance 7 and contribute to the unique texture of the traditional grass cloth, which are the crucial and most characteristic aspects of the traditional grass cloth. Besides, some modern tools such as ultraviolet irradiation 11 , ultrasound 12 , microwave irradiation 13 , gamma irradiation 14 , and plasma treatment 15 can be applied to improve surface characteristics and dyeing performance. However, these tools are costly, environmentally unpleasant, and lack scale-up feasibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable traditional grass cloth fiber dyeing using the Taguchi L16 (4^4) orthogonal design

Lin

Jiang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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For many centuries, traditional grass cloth has been used as an important raw material for home textiles in China, but its market can be expanded by incorporating color. Reactive Red 2 (R2), Reactive Blue 194 (B194), and Reactive Orange 5 (O5) were used in this work to explore the dyeing behavior of sustainable traditional grass fiber using industrial dyeing methods. Initially, an L16 (4^4) orthogonal design was schematically applied to carry out the dyeing process and it was determined that the total dye fixation rate (T%) of B194 dye was the best among the three dyes. Accordingly, a statistical Taguchi technique was analyzed on a larger scale to optimize the dyeing process parameters (salt concentration, fixation time, fixation temperature, and solution pH) of B194, in which solution pH was found to be the most influential factor in achieving the highest T%. This phenomenon was also verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA), where the solution pH was found to be the biggest contributor (50%) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). Finally, confirmation tests were conducted under optimized conditions and a higher T% (53.18%) was determined compared to initial conditions (48.40%). Later, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics and found that grass cloth was chemically stable, yet gummy materials were still observed on their surface, which was also confirmed from digital photographs. Generally, the color coordinates and fastness properties were also satisfactory.

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Effects of Microwave Radiation on Cotton Dyeing with Reactive Blue 21 Dye

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Photochemical Stability of a Cotton Fabric Surface Dyed with a Reactive Triphenodioxazine Dye

Photochemical Stability of a Cotton Fabric Surface Dyed with a Reactive Triphenodioxazine Dye

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

Sustainable traditional grass cloth fiber dyeing using the Taguchi L16 (4^4) orthogonal design

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