Bletilla striata tuber is widely used as healthy food and herbal medicine for its hemostasis, anti-ulcer, promoting wound healing, antibacterial and anti-in ammatory and immune regulation functions. Drying method will affect the qualities of B. striata tuber including appearance and more importantly the content of bioactive components, which play decisive roles of the medical and tonic functions. To investigate the effects of drying method on the qualities of B. striata tuber, samples were treated with ve drying methods containing hot-air drying (HD), infrared drying (ID), microwave drying (MD), vacuum drying (VD), and freeze drying (FD) in this study. After drying, samples were evaluated for their appearances, microstructures and the contents of bioactive components. Results showed that FD-dried samples kept most of the appearances and microstructures of fresh B. striata tuber. Samples treated with other methods were deformed and discolored to various degree. The contents of bioactive components containing B. striata polysaccharides (BSP), phenols and militarine were disproportionately in uenced by different drying methods, which had been discussed in detail in the article. The research results will provide useful suggestion for production, development and further research of B. striata.