Effects of microplastics on the innate immunity and intestinal microflora of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis

Liu, Zhiquan; Yu, Ping; Cai, Mingqi; Wu, Donglei; Zhang, Meng; Chen, Minghai; Zhao, Yunlong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.265

Cited by 205 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Exposure of Folsomia candida to PE (< 500 μm, at concentrations of 0.5% dry weight in the soil, for 28 days), significantly altered the microbial communities and decreased bacterial diversity in the springtail gut [98]. In the crab Eriocheir sinensis, 21 days of exposure to PS microspheres (5 μm, 40 mg/L) decreased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased the relative abundance of the Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria [99].…”

Section: Effects Of Nano-and Microplastic Exposure On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In crab hemolymph, the hemocyanin content and the levels of activity of several enzymes related to the immune system (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and phenoloxidase) were significantly modified by PS exposure (5 μm, 0.04 to 40 mg/mL, for 7, 14 or 21 days), although the direction of change (i.e. an increase or a decrease) varied with the duration or dose level of PS exposure [99]. In Mediterranean sea urchin, exposure to PS microbeads (10 μm and 4 5 μm, 10 particles/mL, for 24 h) increased the total coelomocyte count and the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, indicating a stress-related impact on these circulating immune cells [105].…”

Section: In Vivo Immunotoxicity Of Nano-and Microplastics In Invertebmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

2020

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Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging. Objective The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. Methods We conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response. Results Numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut’s epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects. Conclusion Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.

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Section: Effects Of Nano-and Microplastic Exposure On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Immunotoxicity Of Nano-and Microplastics In Invertebmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

2020

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“…Bivalves displayed upregulation of oxidative stress involved enzymes (Revel et al 2019), abnormal development (Rist et al 2019), and upregulation of detoxification with reduction of byssal threads (Green et al 2019). Crustaceans displayed upregulation of oxidative stress involved enzymes and decrease in amino acids and EPA (Chae et al 2019), affected immune system (Liu et al 2019b), increase in mortality (Horn et al 2019), and there were more effects shown on the development of sea urchins (Oliviero et al 2019;Trifuoggi et al 2019).…”

Section: Toxicity Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics

Kögel¹,

Refosco²,

Maage³

2020

Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment

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Surveillance of seafood for microplastic is in high demand, but there are challenges in the establishment of appropriate methods. Even though there are more than hundred scientific publications presenting numbers about the occurrence of plastics in seafood organisms, currently, these numbers are largely not comparable and afflicted with high uncertainty. They represent rather pioneering work, than surveillance. The research field is developing rapidly, continuously challenging and updating definitions and descriptions on the location, quality and quantity of microplastic. A major reason behind those challenges is of a new type, due to the particular nature of this pollutant, as opposed to other previously analyzed pollutants, which are soluble. When dealing with particle uptake into organisms, we claim that it is pivotal to take into account the size and shape of the particles. Most often, only plastic particles above several hundred μm and only from the gastrointestinal tract were included in field studies, typically leading to observations of on average 0-3 particles per fish. However, for both seafood organisms and human health, plastic particles in edible tissue are of higher concern, than those passing through the gastrointestinal system. According to exposure studies, the size of microlitter particles that are most likely to be transported into tissue and have accumulation potential, is lower than 50 μm. The few publications investigating the smaller size classes and tissues, do detect and report microlitter contamination, and therefore, warrant further investigation. Additionally, appropriate quality control needs to be included, and measurement uncertainties assessed.

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“…Microplastics can have negative effects on phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and large marine organisms 11 – 14 , either at a molecular (e.g., gene expression and production of reactive oxygen species) 15 – 21 , cellular (e.g., apoptosis, membrane stability) 3 , 22 or population level (e.g., reproduction, development, feeding activity) 15 , 23 – 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple impacts of microplastics can threaten marine habitat-forming species

et al. 2021

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Microplastics are recognised as a potential global threat to marine ecosystems, but the biological mechanisms determining their impact on marine life are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of microplastics on the red coral, a long-lived habitat-forming organism belonging to the Corallium genus, which is present at almost all latitudes from shallow-water to deep-sea habitats. When exposed to microplastics, corals preferentially ingest polypropylene, with multiple biological effects, from feeding impairment to mucus production and altered gene expression. Microplastics can alter the coral microbiome directly and indirectly by causing tissue abrasions that allow the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. These multiple effects suggest that microplastics at the concentrations present in some marine areas and predicted for most oceans in the coming decades, can ultimately cause coral death. Other habitat-forming suspension-feeding species are likely subjected to similar impacts, which may act synergistically with climate-driven events primarily responsible for mass mortalities.

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Effects of microplastics on the innate immunity and intestinal microflora of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis

Cited by 205 publications

References 59 publications

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics

Multiple impacts of microplastics can threaten marine habitat-forming species

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