Effects of microcystin-LR on bacterial and fungal functional genes profile in rat gut

Lin, Juan; He, Jun; Chen, Jing; Yan, Qingyun; Zhou, Jizhong; Xie, Ping

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.011

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar phenomena have been observed in mice (Chen et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016Zhang et al, , 2020aZhuang et al, 2021) and zebrafish (Li et al, 2019a). Additionally, MC-LR stress can also alter the functional gene profiles of intestinal microbiota in rats, including chitin, starch and limonene metabolism (Lin et al, 2015). But the effects of MC-LR exposure on the intestinal microbial function of L. vannamei are absence.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Integration of metagenomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2022

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Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a hazardous substance that threaten the health of aquatic animals. Intestinal microbes and their metabolites can interact with hosts to influence physiological homeostasis. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 1.0 μg/l MC-LR for 72 h, and the toxic effects of MC-LR on the intestinal microbial metagenomic and metabolomic responses of the shrimp were investigated. The results showed that MC-LR stress altered the gene functions of intestinal microbial, including ABC transporter, sulfur metabolism and riboflavin (VB2) metabolism, and induced a significant increase of eight carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Alternatively, intestinal metabolic phenotypes were also altered, especially ABC transporters, protein digestion and absorption, and the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acid. Furthermore, based on the integration of intestinal microbial metagenomic and metabolome, four bacteria species (Demequina globuliformis, Demequina sp. NBRC 110055, Sphingomonas taxi and Sphingomonas sp. RIT328) and three metabolites (yangonin, α-hederin and soyasaponin ii) biomarkers were identified. Overall, our study provides new insights into the effects of MC-LR on the intestinal microbial functions of L. vannamei.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Integration of metagenomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2022

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“…Our recent study has shown that MC-LR can significantly enrich the microbial genes involved in protection against oxidative stress and degradation of carbon compounds in rat gut (Lin et al, 2015). In the current study, we examined the effects of MC-LR on the gut microbes in different gut regions of mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of microcystin-LR on gut microflora in different gut regions of mice

et al. 2015

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-To reveal the toxicological effects of the hepatotoxic microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) on gut microbial community composition in different gut regions, we conducted a subchronic exposure of BALB/c mice to MC-LR via intragastric administration. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was employed to profile the shifts of microbes after MC-LR treatment in the jejuno-ileum, caecum and colon. DGGE profiles analysis showed that MC-LR increased the microbial species richness (number of microbial bands) in the caecum and colon as well as microbial diversity (ShannonWiener index) in the caecum. The cluster analysis of DGGE profiles indicated that the microbial structures in the caecum and colon shifted significantly after MC-LR treatment, while that in the jejuno-ileum did not. All the relatively decreased gut microbes belonged to Clostridia in the Firmicutes phylum, and most of them were Lachnospiraceae. The increased ones derived from a variety of microbes including species from Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae in the Bacteroidetes phylum, as well as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the Firmicutes phylum, and among which, the increase of Barnesiella in Porphyromonadaceae was most remarkable. In conclusion, subchronic exposure to MC-LR could disturb the balance of gut microbes in mice, and its toxicological effects varied between the jejuno-ileum and the other two gut regions.

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“…Interactions between the microbiome and the mucosal immune system or the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) play a critical role in the tolerance of intestinal microbiome and its specific antigens by host-defense systems to avoid permanent inflammatory states [48]. There are indications that exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR alters the taxonomic composition of the microbiome, as well as the expression of functional genes in the GIT of mammals (mice, rats) [49,50].…”

Section: The Gastrointestinal System and Its Link To The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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Background: Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, than for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. Main body: The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human health-relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects, or both. Furthermore, cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides, other less studied metabolites and their mixtures have been also implicated to have a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites such as aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at distinct levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, which can be expected in drinking water supplies.

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Effects of microcystin-LR on bacterial and fungal functional genes profile in rat gut

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Integration of metagenomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

Integration of metagenomic and metabolomic insights into the effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of microcystin-LR on gut microflora in different gut regions of mice

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

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