Effects of metabolic syndrome on arterial function in different age groups

Abstract

Objective:The aim of the Advanced Approach to Arterial Stiffness study was to compare arterial stiffness measured simultaneously with two different methods in different age groups of middle-aged and older adults with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). The specific effects of the different MetS components on arterial stiffness were also studied.Methods:This prospective, multicentre, international study included 2224 patients aged 40 years and older, 1664 with and 560 without MetS. Patients were enrolled in 32 centres from 18 European countries affiliated to the International Society of Vascular Health & Aging. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) in four prespecified age groups: 40–49, 50–59, 60–74, 75–90 years. In this report, we present the baseline data of this study.Results:Both CF-PWV and CAVI increased with age, with a higher correlation coefficient for CAVI (comparison of coefficients P < 0.001). Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted values of CF-PWV and CAVI were weakly intercorrelated (r2 = 0.06, P < 0.001). Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted values for CF-PWV but not CAVI were higher in presence of MetS (CF-PWV: 9.57 ± 0.06 vs. 8.65 ± 0.10, P < 0.001; CAVI: 8.34 ± 0.03 vs. 8.29 ± 0.04, P = 0.40; mean ± SEM; MetS vs. no MetS). The absence of an overall effect of MetS on CAVI was related to the heterogeneous effects of the components of MetS on this parameter: CAVI was positively associated with the high glycaemia and high blood pressure components, whereas lacked significant associations with the HDL and triglycerides components while exhibiting a negative association with the overweight component. In contrast, all five MetS components showed positive associations with CF-PWV.Conclusion:This large European multicentre study reveals a differential impact of MetS and age on CAVI and CF-PWV and suggests that age may have a more pronounced effect on CAVI, whereas MetS increases CF-PWV but not CAVI. This important finding may be due to heterogeneous effects of MetS components on CAVI. The clinical significance of these original results will be assessed during the longitudinal phase of the study.

Associations between high triglycerides and arterial stiffness in a population-based sample: Results from the Kardiovize 2030 study

“…In total 1934 participants were included ( Figure 1). Participants were 44.7% males, the median (IQR) age was 48 (19) years. Median (IQR) of TG and CAVI were 1.0 (0.7) and 7.2 (1.4), respectively.…”

“…In the multiple regression analysis, PWV was positively associated with age, BP, glucose, and HDL-c, but not with waist circumference and TG; CAVI was positively associated with age, gender, BP, glucose, but not with TG and HDL-c, and negatively associated with waist circumference. Authors don't provide a clear explanation with contradictory results relating to waist circumference and CAVI [19]. In a prospective evaluation of 2106 middle-aged subjects with MetS from Lithuania [17], high CAVI values at the baseline were related to a higher risk for CVD events after around four years.…”

“…When MetS components were analyzed individually, high BP [12,[15][16][17][18], impaired blood glucose [12,13,[15][16][17], abdominal obesity [14,15,19], and HDL-c [13,14,17,20], were associated with ArSt, however, the association between high TG and ArSt shows contradictory results. Many studies report no association between high TG and ArSt [12][13][14][17][18][19][20], and many others report a positive independent association between them [8,9,15,[21][22][23][24][25]. Most of these studies are not evaluating randomly selected population-based samples [8,12,13,15,19,20,23], mostly including high-risk individuals [9,17,18,21], older age groups [9,15,19,…”

“…Many studies report no association between high TG and ArSt [12][13][14][17][18][19][20], and many others report a positive independent association between them [8,9,15,[21][22][23][24][25]. Most of these studies are not evaluating randomly selected population-based samples [8,12,13,15,19,20,23], mostly including high-risk individuals [9,17,18,21], older age groups [9,15,19,21,24], and adjusting for components that are not speci cally designed to evaluate the association between both parameters [13,15,19,23,24]. According to the best of our knowledge, none previous analysis was focused speci cally on providing the answer to the question if high TG are associated with ArSt.…”

The Potential of the Volumetric Sphygmography for the Diagnosis of Impaired Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Uncomplicated Arterial Hypertension and Its Possibilities for Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Therapy Effectiveness

“…Оценка жесткости по индексу CAVI (англ. : cardioankle vascular index, сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс) устраняет фактор влияния АД на полученные результаты измерения данного индекса и, тем самым, обладает существенным преимуществом перед другими параметрами, характеризующими жесткость сосудистой стенки [10,11]. Исходя из вышеизложенного, становится понятно, почему оценка жесткости артериальной стенки с помощью CAVI (сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса жесткости) привлекает повышенное внимание исследователей и практикующих врачей.…”