Effects of Mental Footnotes on the Trajectory Movement in a Driving Simulation Task

Vilchez, Jose Luis

doi:10.1080/00222895.2014.974492

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Distant elements from the road could be discarded. The reason for this decision is that mental models of the elements (e.g., [4]) closer to the route are more likely to cause an interference on movement [5]. Within this criteria, the secondary criterion can be: Same signs with different colors are randomly selected (since the color has not significant effect on the representativity or the univocity of traffic signs; [[1], [2], [3]]).…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 as an example) are separately introduced into a tracking task [8]. Since, when individuals do not understand any piece of information, they move closer to the source of that information (e.g., [5]), the first hypothesis is that the non-representative signs produce a differential influence on movement, as shown in previous literature ([[1], [2], [3]]). This effect will take the form of a significant greater deviation (from the center of the road) for non-representative signs than for representative signs.…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method to measure Representativity and Univocity of traffic signs and to test their effect on movement

Vı́lchez

2019

MethodsX

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ObjectiveThe present protocol aims to understand how participants represent traffic signs (Psychology of Thinking) and how the attention of these signs–and the way of processing them–can influence on their path movement (Motor Processes). Knowing how humans process the meaning of signs (not just by learning but instinctively understood) will improve reaction times and decision making when driving.BackgroundIn laboratory tasks, a number of models have attempted to explain the general relationship between attention and movement. The cornerstone of the effects is found on the meaning of attentional cues.MethodBy using a tracking task, the influence of traffic signs on movement is been tested.ResultsResults point out that the signs least representative of their meaning produce a greater deviation from the center of the simulated road than the most representative signs.ConclusionsThe economic, social and psychological consequences of car accidents are well-established. Every single effort orientated to amend this social problem is welcome. Taking into account the results reported in this work, it is recommended that the traffic signs are designed as much representative of their meaning as possible.ApplicationThe methodology used in this study can be applied to testing the Cognitive Ergonomics of signposting on roads; analyzing, classifying, and discarding the traffic signs that produce counterproductive effects on movement from the current Manuals of Traffic Signposting all around countries.An original methodology has been generated for classifying traffic signs, which has not been never tested in the literature.The well-consolidated tracking task is used for evaluating their effect on movement.The main result is that traffic signs, that do not represent properly their meaning, provoke a significant and dangerous deviation from the drivers’ path.

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Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to measure Representativity and Univocity of traffic signs and to test their effect on movement

Vı́lchez

2019

MethodsX

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“…Experiment 1 and 2 follow the paradigm of Vilchez (2015) to measure the influence of the attention-to-stimuli on movement.…”

Section: Experimental Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a similar amount of participants, statistical analyses showed sufficient statistical power and representativeness (Vilchez 2015). All participants reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing, and were naïve to the purpose of the experiment.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This meaning of cues has been proven to be also modulated by the presentation setting (e.g. Vilchez 2015). Therefore, the conjunction between the meaning per se of stimuli and the context in which these stimuli are presented is key for the influence of attention on movement, as Meaning-Dependent Response Activation (MDRA) model proposes (Vilchez 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of emotional picture on movement trajectory: The role of meaning and the power of context

Vilchez¹

2017

nin

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A b s t r a c tAim of the study: The present study tests the effect of the attention to emotional content on movement trajectory. Methods: Pictures with positive and negative valence were presented on both sides of a simulated road in a driving-simulation tracking task for a series of two experiments for a total of 28 participants. Results: Both the approach and withdrawal effects toward/from the position in which emotional cues appeared have been found on the participants' trajectory. In contrast to previous literature and common-sense hypotheses, these effects depended on the picture-presentation setting more than on their emotional valence. Some predictions in the literature pointed to finding approach movements for positive pictures and withdrawal behaviours for negative valences. In this sense, only negative pictures presented in close positions on the left-side of the road have been found to provoke approach tendencies. Conclusions: The "emotional", right hemisphere processed picture presentations on the left side. Since it is impossible to select negative emotional pictures that do not have high emotional arousal, results point out to pictures arousal as the cause of the effects found. These findings are discussed under the perspectives of hemisphere laterality and models of motor control. The present study supports the MDRA model in its premise about how context can modify the meanings of attentional cues and, in turn, their impact on movement programming.

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Mental Footnotes. Knowledge Constructivism From Logical Thinking and Personal Beliefs to Social Rationality and Spiritual Freedom

Vı́lchez

2018

J Relig Health

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Cognition is an efficient but limited system that deals with mundane tasks. Daily life demands the system to save energy in order to be able to solve other more relevant tasks. Reasoning out every single problem would immeasurably increase our mental load and fatigue. Our minds avoid this waste of resources by taking shortcuts when reasoning. Outputs from previous episodes of reasoning turn into pieces of implicit information. These outputs go on to constitute the meanings that we give to things or circumstances, which in turn become the general framework where other reasonings occur. These implicit meanings determine the manner in which we represent our social environment and, therefore, our emotions and behaviors. These "mental footnotes" set the way in which we contemplate and conceive the world and deal with reality. World order capitalizes on the mechanisms of the mind to control and guide humanity. The better we understand these processes, the better we can control and restructure them. Academic psychology often ignores the power of the discipline to set humankind free from those meanings that restrict spiritual and human development.

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Effects of Mental Footnotes on the Trajectory Movement in a Driving Simulation Task

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

A method to measure Representativity and Univocity of traffic signs and to test their effect on movement

A method to measure Representativity and Univocity of traffic signs and to test their effect on movement

Effects of emotional picture on movement trajectory: The role of meaning and the power of context

Mental Footnotes. Knowledge Constructivism From Logical Thinking and Personal Beliefs to Social Rationality and Spiritual Freedom

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