Effects of Maternal Caffeine and Vitamin E Usage on Fetus

Abstract

The use of maternal caffeine has an important effect on the development of the fetus. We investigated the mechanism of oxidative damage induced by caffeine and the efficacy of vitamin E. Pregnant rats of Wistar-albino genus were used. Following groups of animals were defined: control, sham, caffeine (50 mg/kg), caffeine + vitamin E, vitamin E (60 mg/kg) all invasive applications were repeated daily for 20 days. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured in tissue homogenates by using Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Thiobarbituric acid reactive acid substances (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), Total oxidant status (TOS), Total anti-oxidant status (TAS), Oxidative stress index (OSI), Calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (Vit D) parameters were measured by spectrophotometric assay. According to these data, caffeine used in pregnancy delayed ossification; It has been found that vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, counteracts this effect.

The protective effect of exogen melatonin upon fetal hippocampus damage caused by high-dose caffeine administration in pregnant rats

“…CAF (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is an alkaloid belonging to the group of methylxanthines, which is consumed almost daily and has many effects on the CNS. Today, numerous studies suggest the negative effects of excessive consumption of the CAF during pregnancy on the fetus [12]. The main reason for this is that the CAF can easily pass through the placenta and cytochrome P450 A2, which is the necessary enzyme in CAF metabolism, is not found in the fetus [1,2,4,11].…”

“…CAF can easily cross both the blood-brain barrier and the placental barrier [1,2,4,11,12]. Studies have reported that caffeine mixed with the drinking water of pregnant animals passes to the fetus [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

The neuroprotective effect of exogen melatonin upon fetal hippocampus damage caused by high‐dose caffeine administration in pregnant rats

“…It is widely consumed by pregnant women, and the potential effects of CAF intake in pregnant women on the developing fetus have been investigated in animals and humans in recent years (Rivkees & Wendler, 2017; Wierzejska et al, 2019). Studies have reported that CAF and its metabolites can easily cross both the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the placental barrier during pregnancy, resulting in accumulation in the fetal brain (Concas et al, 2000; Kou et al, 2017; Mioranzza et al, 2014; Papadopoulou et al, 2018; Peacock et al, 2018; Yılmaz et al, 2022; Zhan et al, 2022). As a result of decreased cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in liver of fetus, half‐life of CAF is longer in fetus between the first and third trimesters, resulting in increased fetal exposure (Papadopoulou et al, 2018; Peacock et al, 2018; Wierzejska et al, 2019).…”