Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Objective: Our purpose was to examine the effects of daily servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine and plant sterol margarine, within recommended amounts, on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (Apos), biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and on the transfer of lipids to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind study where 53 metabolic syndrome subjects (62% women, mean age 54 years) received isocaloric servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine or plant sterol margarine in addition to their usual diets for 5 weeks. The main outcome measures were plasma lipids, Apo, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers (CRP, IL-6, CD40L or E-selectin), small dense LDL cholesterol concentrations and in vitro radioactive lipid transfer from cholesterol-rich emulsions to HDL. Difference among groups was evaluated by analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant reduction in Apo-B (À10.4 %, P ¼ 0.043) and in the Apo-B/Apo-A-1 ratio (À11.1%, P ¼ 0.034) with plant sterol margarine. No changes in plasma lipids were noticed with butter and no-trans-fat margarine. Transfer rates of lipids to HDL were reduced in the no-trans-fat margarine group: triglycerides À42.0%, (Po0.001 vs butter and sterol margarine) and free cholesterol À16.2% (P ¼ 0.006 vs sterol margarine). No significant effects were noted on the concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers among the groups. Conclusions: In free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome consumption of plant sterol and no-trans-fat margarines within recommended amounts reduced, respectively, Apo-B concentrations and the ability of HDL to accept lipids.

Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: A Critical Review ofIn Vitroand Clinical Approaches for Benefit Assessment of Plant Food Supplements

“…On the contrary, the other four of these studies [17, 19, 20, 23] reported no changes in CRP values. This discrepancy could be due to the nature of the botanicals used, the bioavailability of active compounds, the number of patients enrolled in the study, the type of study, and/or the laboratory methods for biomarker measurement.…”

“…E-selectin levels were evaluated in four studies [17–19, 23], but a decrease was recorded in only one [18], which rules out this biomarker as suitable for the purpose. TNF- α levels were evaluated in three studies [16, 18, 19], and two of them [16, 18] reported a significant reduction after treatment with soy proteins (8 weeks) and fresh algae infusion (10 weeks).…”

I Diretriz Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (HF)

“…Fora da fase micelar, o colesterol não é mais solúvel, formando cocristais com fitosteróis, sendo, então, excretado juntamente com os fitosteróis não absorvidos 129 . Com isso, observam-se efeitos na diminuição do colesterol, especialmente LDL-c, ocasionados por fitosteróis 130 . O consumo diário de dois gramas de fitosteróis sob a forma de margarinas enriquecidas reduz a absorção de colesterol em aproximadamente 30% 40%, o que ocasiona uma redução média no LDL-c de 8,8% 131 .…”

Produits laitiers et inflammation métabolique : quels liens en phase postprandiale et à long terme ?

“…De plus, chez des sujets en surpoids ou obèses, des régimes alimentaires supplémentés en matière grasse laitière (≈ 50 g sur les 72 g de matière grasse consommée pendant 4 semaines) apportée soit sous forme de produits laitiers fermentés (fromage et yaourt) soit non fermentés (beurre, crème et crème glacée), n'induisent pas de différences en basal des concentrations plasmatiques de MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1␤, TNF-␣ et CRP ultrasensible [77]. Chez des sujets présentant un syndrome métabolique, une supplémentation en matière grasse tartinée (beurre vs margarine sans AG trans vs margarine aux stérols végétaux) à raison de 12 g de MG supplémentaire par jour, n'a aucun impact sur les marqueurs plasmatiques de l'inflammation (entres autres, CRP et IL-6) à jeun, après 5 semaines d'intervention, et ce quelle que soit la MG testée [78]. Par ailleurs, une étude épidémiologique menée sur des adolescents sains normo-pondérés ou en surpoids a mis en évidence que ceux ayant des taux plasmatiques élevés en acides gras C15:0 et C17:0 (marqueurs de la consommation de matière grasse laitière) présentaient les plus faibles taux d'IL-6 plasmatiques, quel que soit leur IMC [79].…”