Effects of maleated polypropylene content on the extended creep behavior of wood‒polypropylene composites using the stepped isothermal method and the stepped isostress method

Huang, Chung-Wei; Yang, Teng‐Kuei; Wu, Tung-Lin; Hung, Ke-Chang; Wu, Jyh‐Horng

doi:10.1007/s00226-018-1037-7

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Based on the tensile strength, Young modulus and strain-at-break data, it can be concluded that the use of compatibilizer led to improvement in the interfacial adhesion between WF and polymer. The improvement in mechanical properties of the composites with the use of compatibilizer were also reported by previous studies [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. MAPP and MAPE provide a chemical bonding between the hydrophilic WF and hydrophobic polymer [23,32,34].…”

Section: Effects Of Plastic Matrix and Compatibilizer On Tensile Stresupporting

confidence: 79%

“…At three different wood flour concentrations (20,30, and 40 wt%), PPFGF compounds consisting all additives including UV stabilizer, antioxidants, compatibilizer, and lubricant were produced in a plastic compounding factory. WPC compounds were used for manufacturing of table legs and crates by using injection molding process (Haitian plastics machinery and Forstar Strong MCHX-220T) available in two different plastics companies.…”

Section: Preparation Of Wpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of polar and non-polar groups in the structure of coupling agents or compatibilizers provides the bonding between polymer and wood. This bond enhances the compatibility and the interfacial adhesion between polymer and wood, and leads to the improvement of mechanical properties of WPC [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Municipal Plastic and Wood Waste in Industrial Manufacturing of Wood Plastic Composites

Başalp

Tıhmınlıoğlu

Sofuoğlu

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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In this study, Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) were produced from post-consumer bulky wastes of recycled plastic and wood in order to minimize waste, decrease environmental effects of plastics, reserve natural resources, and support circular economy for sustainable production and consumption. Five different types of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) based recycled plastics and wood obtained from urban household bulky wastes were used in the production of recycled WPC composites, r-WPCs. Virgin WPC (v-WPC) and r-WPC compounds were prepared with wood flour (WF) and maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizer (MAPP or MAPE) to evaluate the effect of recycled polymer type and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties. It was found that tensile strength properties of r-WPCs produced from recycled PP (r-PP) were higher than that of the r-WPCs produced from mixed polyolefins and recycled PE. r-WPCs containing anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers, and compatibilizer with different WF compositions were produced from only recycled garden fraction PP (PPFGF) to determine the optimum composition and processing temperature for pilot scale manufacturing of r-WPCs. Based on tensile, impact, flexural, and water sorption properties of r-WPC compounds with different formulations, the optimum conditions of r-WPC compounds for industrial manufacturing process were determined. Surface morphology of fractured surfaces as well as tensile, flexural and density results of r-WPC compounds revealed the enhancement effect of MAPP on interfacial adhesion in r-WPCs. r-WPC products (crates and table/chair legs) based on bulky wastes were produced using an injection molding process at industrial scale by using 30 wt% WF-filled r-WPC compound. This study demonstrated that r-WPC compounds from recycled bulky plastic and wood wastes can be used as a potential raw material in plastic as well as WPC industry, contributing to circular economy. Graphic AbstractKeywords Wood plastic composite · Recycling · Bulky plastic waste · Mechanical property · WPC manufacturing

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Section: Effects Of Plastic Matrix and Compatibilizer On Tensile Stresupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Preparation Of Wpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Utilization of Municipal Plastic and Wood Waste in Industrial Manufacturing of Wood Plastic Composites

Başalp

Tıhmınlıoğlu

Sofuoğlu

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Therefore, an accelerated creep test based on the stepped isostress method (SSM) has been developed to reduce the test time and to predict the full-scale creep of a material. Previous studies [ 17 , 18 ] have reported that the SSM could successfully evaluate the creep behavior of various materials, such as wood and wood-based products. However, there is little information available on the creep properties of heat-treated bamboo samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resistance and Creep Behavior of Heat-Treated Moso Bamboo Determined by the Stepped Isostress Method

Yang

Yeh

2021

Polymers

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The influence of heat treatment on the physico-mechanical properties, water resistance, and creep behavior of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was determined in this study. The results revealed that the density, moisture content, and flexural properties showed negative relationships with the heat treatment temperature, while an improvement in the dimensional stability (anti-swelling efficiency and anti-water absorption efficiency) of heat-treated samples was observed during water absorption tests. Additionally, the creep master curves of the untreated and heat-treated samples were successfully constructed using the stepped isostress method (SSM) at a series of elevated stresses. Furthermore, the SSM-predicted creep compliance curves fit well with the 90-day full-scale experimental data. When the heat treatment temperature increased to 180 °C, the degradation ratio of the creep resistance (rd) significantly increased over all periods. However, the rd of the tested bamboo decreased as the heat treatment temperature increased up to 220 °C.

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“…Developed from the time‒temperature superposition principle (TTSP), the stepped isothermal method (SIM) can be used in the same manner as time-equivalence for a single sample to predict the long-term creep property of viscoelastic materials from stepped increments of temperature [20,21,22,23]. In the past few years, the stepped isostress method (SSM), which can evaluate the creep behavior of a single sample by a stepped increase of the stress level [24,25,26,27], was shown to be more beneficial in assessing the creep behavior of low-thermal-conductivity materials (e.g., wood and wood composites) compared to the SIM [28]. A previous study demonstrated that wood treated with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) could effectively enhance its creep resistance [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Creep Behavior Prediction of Sol-Gel Derived SiO2- and TiO2-Wood Composites Using the Stepped Isostress Method

Hung

Wu²,

2019

Polymers

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In this study, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) were used as precursor sols to prepare wood-inorganic composites (WICs) by a sol-gel process, and subsequently, the long-term creep behavior of these composites was estimated by application of the stepped isostress method (SSM). The results revealed that the flexural modulus of wood and WICs were in the range of 9.8–10.5 GPa, and there were no significant differences among them. However, the flexural strength of the WICs (93–103 MPa) was stronger than that of wood (86 MPa). Additionally, based on the SSM processes, smooth master curves were obtained from different SSM testing parameters, and they fit well with the experimental data. These results demonstrated that the SSM was a useful approach to evaluate the long-term creep behavior of wood and WICs. According to the Eyring equation, the activation volume of the WICs prepared from MTMOS (0.825 nm3) and TEOS (0.657 nm3) was less than that of the untreated wood (0.832 nm3). Furthermore, the WICs exhibited better performance on the creep resistance than that of wood, except for the WICMTEOS. The reduction of time-dependent modulus for the WIC prepared from MTMOS was 26% at 50 years, which is the least among all WICs tested. These findings clearly indicate that treatment with suitable metal alkoxides could improve the creep resistance of wood.

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Effects of maleated polypropylene content on the extended creep behavior of wood‒polypropylene composites using the stepped isothermal method and the stepped isostress method

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Utilization of Municipal Plastic and Wood Waste in Industrial Manufacturing of Wood Plastic Composites

Utilization of Municipal Plastic and Wood Waste in Industrial Manufacturing of Wood Plastic Composites

Water Resistance and Creep Behavior of Heat-Treated Moso Bamboo Determined by the Stepped Isostress Method

Long-Term Creep Behavior Prediction of Sol-Gel Derived SiO2- and TiO2-Wood Composites Using the Stepped Isostress Method

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