Effects of low protein diets on pigs with a lean genotype. 1. Carcass composition measured by dissection and muscle fatty acid composition

Wood, J.D.; Lambe, N. R.; Walling, Grant A.; Whitney, Heather M.; Jagger, S.; Fullarton, P.; Bayntun, J. A.; Hallett, KG; Bünger, L.

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.001

Cited by 63 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other studies have reported similar results (e.g. Kerr et al, 1995Kerr et al, , 2003Madrid et al, 2013;Wood et al, 2013). Assuming that pig's lean growth potential and dietary protein:energy ratio are the primary factors that influence the rates of protein and lipid deposition, the increase in BFT might be a result of more efficient utilization of energy because of a reduction in heat loss through catabolism and urinary excretion of excess dietary N (Kerr et al, 2003;Madrid et al, 2013).…”

Section: Effect Of Lowering Dietary Cp By Incorporating Aa In Feedmentioning

confidence: 58%

Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Morazán

Álvarez-Rodríguez

Seradj

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Section: Effect Of Lowering Dietary Cp By Incorporating Aa In Feedmentioning

confidence: 58%

Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Morazán

Álvarez-Rodríguez

Seradj

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Their sources are protein and non-protein N which is either undigested and excreted via faeces or digested and voided through urine. The increasing concern about the environmental impact of pig production (Wood et al, 2013), together with limitations in availability and high costs of dietary protein sources (Wood et al, 2013;Van Milgen and Dourmad, 2015), make the reduction of the dietary protein content a priority objective in pig production. Dietary protein intake should, as far as possible, accurately cover the requirements for fully exploiting the genetic potential for growth without excessive intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of amino acid and CP restriction from 20 to 140 kg BW on performance and dynamics in empty body protein and lipid deposition of entire male, castrated and female pigs

Ruiz-Ascacibar

Stoll

Kreuzer

et al. 2017

Animal

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Breeding leaner pigs during the last decades may have changed pig's empty body (EB) composition, a key trait for elaborating feeding recommendations. This research aimed to provide new experimental data on changes in the chemical composition of the EB of pigs from 20 to 140 kg BW. In addition, the impact of a reduction in the dietary CP associated with lower lysine, methionine + cystine, threonine and tryptophan levels was determined. In total, 48 males, castrates and females weighing 20 kg BW were allocated either to a control grower-finisher diet formulated according to current Swiss feeding recommendations, or a low CP grower-finisher diet (80% of control). Feed intake was monitored and pigs were weighed weekly. The chemical composition of EB (blood, hairs and hoofs, offals, bile, carcass) was determined at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg BW on four pigs per gender and diet (eight pigs per gender at 20 kg). The five fractions were weighed and samples were analysed for dry matter, protein, fat and energy. Nutrient deposition rates and N efficiency were calculated by using the 20 kg BW category as reference. Analysis revealed an accurate feed optimisation for the aforementioned essential amino acids (EAA), whereas digestible isoleucine content in the low CP diet was at 70% of the control diet. Despite similar feed intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were impaired ( P < 0.01) from 20 to 100 kg BW in the low CP compared with the control pigs. In the same growth period, castrates had the greatest feed intake but, together with females, displayed the lowest ( P < 0.01) feed efficiency. Protein deposition was reduced ( P < 0.01) by up to 31% with low CP diet and was lower ( P < 0.01) in castrates and females than males at 100 kg BW. The greatest fat deposition rates were found with low CP diet and castrates. N efficiency improved ( P < 0.05) by 10% with the low CP diet from 100 to 140 kg. The males displayed the greatest ( P < 0.05) N efficiency. These findings suggest that the CP content of finisher II diets could be reduced to 102, 102 and 104 g/kg for females, castrates and males, respectively, without a negative impact on protein deposition or growth. It remains unclear whether the negative effects found in the BW range from 20 to 100 kg on the EB deposition were due to the 20% reduction of the dietary CP and the five limiting EAA or to other EAA via an unbalanced EAA profile.

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“…Wood et al (2013) reported that feeding a regime for pigs with a lean genotype (Large White × Landrace) which provided a low protein diet but with the same intake of essential amino acids as pigs fed a control diet produced carcasses similar in fat content but higher content of IMF in LM, while feeding a reduced protein diet without maintaining the levels of essential amino acids, produced fatter pigs and increased IMF in LM and SM. In the studies of Wood et al (2013) and Tous et al (2014) the genotype did not include Pietrain sires, while in the study of Maderia et al (2014) and in the current study, the genotype included Pietrain sires. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that some genes associated with the Pietrain breed may inhibit the response of IMF to certain nutrients in the diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of arginine and leucine to low or normal protein diets: performance, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat of finishing pigs

Tous¹,

Lizardo²,

Vilà³

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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IMF needed for optimal eating quality of pork proposed is between 2.2 and 3.4% (Font-i-Furnols et al., 2012). In the last decades, the trend in pig production has been to increase the carcass lean content, reduce carcass fat, and the end result is that IMF content has decreased. Some studies indicate that for some modern genotypes RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS AbstractThe effect of dietary crude protein (CP) reduction, supplementation with arginine or leucine on intramuscular fat (IMF) content was evaluated in (Landrace × Duroc) × Pietrain pigs. One-hundred and eight barrows (67 ± 4 kg) were assigned to six diets (n=6 pens of 3 pigs each): four normal CP diets containing 16% CP from 60 to 90 kg and 13% CP from 90 to 115 kg live weight (normal protein; normal protein high Arg, normal protein high Leu or normal protein high Arg and Leu) and two low CP diets containing 14% CP from 60 to 90 kg and 11.8% CP from 90 to 115 kg live weight (with or without supplementation of both amino acids). The high Leu and Arg diets were supplemented to obtain ratios of standard ileal digestible Leu/Lys and Arg/Lys of 4 and 2, respectively. While feed to gain ratio tended to increase (p<0.05), final weight (p<0.01), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) and average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) were reduced in animals fed low-protein diets supplemented with Arg and Leu compared to the ones fed low-protein diet unsupplemented. Marbling and IMF content in loin were reduced when Arg was supplemented (p<0.05) in normal protein diets. Supplementing these diets with Arg also reduced belly weight (p<0.01) and increased lean meat percentage (p<0.05). Contrary to the initial hypothesis, reduction of CP or dietary supplementation with Leu had no effect on IMF content and supplementation with Arg reduced it.Additional key words: amino acid; branched chain amino acids antagonism; meat quality; loin depth; marbling; subcutaneous fat.Abbreviations used: ADFI (average daily feed intake); ADG (average daily gain); Arg (arginine); BCAA (branched chain amino acids); CP (crude protein); FGR (feed to gain ratio); IMF (intramuscular fat); Leu (leucine); LM (Longissimus muscle); LP (low protein); LPAL (low protein plus arginine and leucine); NIT (near infrared transmittance); NP (normal crude protein); NPA (normal crude protein plus arginine); NPAL (normal crude protein plus arginine and leucine); NPL (normal crude protein plus leucine); SM (Semimembranosus muscle).

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Effects of low protein diets on pigs with a lean genotype. 1. Carcass composition measured by dissection and muscle fatty acid composition

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Impact of amino acid and CP restriction from 20 to 140 kg BW on performance and dynamics in empty body protein and lipid deposition of entire male, castrated and female pigs

Addition of arginine and leucine to low or normal protein diets: performance, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat of finishing pigs

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