Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Morazán, H.; Álvarez-Rodríguez, J.; Seradj, A. R.; Balcells, J.; Babot, D.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.003

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Body lipid deposition tended to be decreased, and lipid:protein signi cantly decreased with the increase of dietary CP level. These ndings are in agreement with those reported by Skiba [50] and Morazán et al [51], who reported pigs fed a low-CP diet with ideal protein pro le had fatter carcasses than those fed high-CP diet. A possible reason for these ndings is that at low CP level, PD is minimal and a large amount of energy is retained as fat; however, as dietary CP level increases, PD increases and the energy stored as fat decreases [52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Hou¹,

Wang²,

C³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With increasing concerns about antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose a threat to human and animal health, in-feed antibiotics have been banned since 2006 in Europe and 2020 in China. However, previous studies on crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) requirements of pigs were mostly based on the diets with antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CP supply on growth performance, body composition and tissue deposition for piglets fed diets with or without antibiotics. Methods: A total of 250 newly weaned piglets were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (5 replicate pens per treatment with 5 animals per pen) in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with 5 CP levels (16, 18, 20, 22, 24 %) and 2 antibiotic supplementations (with or without antibiotics). Treatment diets were fed for 14 d to test treatment effects, and then a nursery diet (19% CP) without antibiotics was fed to all piglets until they had an average body weight of 25 kg to determine if carryover effects of treatment diets existed. An additional 5 piglets at the start were slaughtered to determine initial body composition. At the end of each period, 1 pig close to the average BW of each pen was slaughtered to determine body composition and tissue deposition.Results: Increasing dietary CP level linearly improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed (G:F) during the treatment period, while antibiotics tended to improve ADG of piglets (P < 0.10). The ADG during the carryover period tended to be improved (P < 0.10) with the increase of dietary CP level, but there was no difference in ADG during the entire nursery period (P > 0.10). Neither CP level nor antibiotic supplementation affected (P > 0.10) the incidence of diarrhea in each period. With the increase of dietary CP level, weights of fasted body, empty body, eviscerated carcass, and organs at d 14 were linearly improved (P < 0.05). Neither CP level nor antibiotic supplementation had a significant effect on the physical body composition of pigs at the end of the nursery period (P > 0.05). Body protein content at d 14 linearly improved (P < 0.05) with increasing CP level, whereas body ash content, lipid:protein and ash:protein ratio linearly decreased (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary CP level resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) deposition rates of body water and protein during the treatment period, while antibiotics tended to increase (P < 0.10). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of CP level or antibiotic supplementation on the chemical body composition at the end of the nursery period. However, increasing CP level quadratically improved (P < 0.05) deposition rates of body water, protein and lipid during the carryover period as well as deposition rates of protein, lipid and ash during the entire nursery period. According to the model with the minimum AIC, the CP requirement based on ADG was 23.01 and 22.65%, and based on protein deposition (PD) was 24.00 and 23.29% for antibiotic-free diet and antibiotic diet, respectively. Conclusions: Increasing dietary CP level increased the growth performance and protein deposition of piglets during either the treatment period or the carryover period. The CP requirement for piglets with high health status fed antibiotic-free diet was slightly higher than those fed antibiotic diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Hou¹,

Wang²,

C³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Dressing percentage is the ratio of carcass weight to pre-slaughter live weight and is not affected by reducing dietary CP level [ 9 , 86 , 87 ]. However, increased back-fat thickness and reduced loin muscle area at slaughter were consistently reported in LP diets studies [ 4 , 88 , 89 ], in fattening pigs as well as growing pigs [ 10 , 90 ]. Three reasons may be responsible for this observation: 1) more energy is required for excretion of excess AA in the HP diet.…”

Section: Influence Of Dietary Cp Level On Pig Production Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

Advances in low-protein diets for swine

Wang

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

162

137

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Recent years have witnessed the great advantages of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with free amino acids (AA) supplementation for sustainable swine industry, including saving protein ingredients, reducing nitrogen excretion, feed costs and the risk of gut disorders without impairing growth performance compared to traditional diets. However, a tendency toward increased fatness is a matter of concern when pigs are fed low-protein (LP) diets. In response, the use of the net energy system and balanced AA for formulation of LP diets has been proposed as a solution. Moreover, the extent to which dietary CP can be reduced is complicated. Meanwhile, the requirements for the first five limiting AA (lysine, threonine, sulfur-containing AA, tryptophan, and valine) that growing-finishing pigs fed LP diets were higher than pigs fed traditional diets, because the need for nitrogen for endogenous synthesis of non-essential AA to support protein synthesis may be increased when dietary CP is lowered. Overall, to address these concerns and give a better understanding of this nutritional strategy, this paper reviews recent advances in the study of LP diets for swine and provides some insights into future research directions.

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“… a The vitamin and mineral premix composition is available in Morazán, et al [ 12 ]. b Phases I, II, and III are 9 to 15, 16 to 21, and 22 to 25 weeks of age, respectively.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

Seradj

Balcells

Sarri

et al. 2020

Animals

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In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.

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Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestion and carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or high neutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Advances in low-protein diets for swine

The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

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