“…We summarize the reactions of both the innate and the adaptive immune cells to different types of MFs in Table 1. Generally, upon exposure to a very low-frequency AMF (50-75 Hz, 0.8-7 mT), the innate immune cells get more activated and initiate the inflammatory responses in mice and rats (9,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Natural killer cells (NK cells) are found to be more cytotoxic under 0.4 T SMF Abbreviations: AMF, alternating magnetic fields; DC, dendritic cell; EMF, electromagnetic field; FTH, heavy chain H-ferritin; FPN1, ferroportin-1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase; HGMF, high-gradient magnetic field; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MF, magnetic field; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NK cell, natural killer cell; NP, nanoparticle; OC, osteoclast; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SMF, static magnetic field; TCR, T-cell receptor; TfR1, transferrin receptor-1.…”