Effects of Low Ambient Levels of Ozone and Sulfates on the Frequency of Respiratory Admissions to Ontario Hospitals

Burnett, Richard T.; Dales, Robert; Raizenne, Mark; Krewski, Daniel; Summers, Phebe W.; Roberts, Glyn; Raad-Young, May; Dann, Tom; Brook, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1006/enrs.1994.1030

Cited by 274 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Examining asthma hospitalisations between March and October, Neidell (2009) (1996), Atkinson et al (1999) and Anderson et al (2001) Leon et al (1996), Sunyer et al (1997), Petroeschevsky et al (2001), Burnett et al (1994) and Fusco et al (2001) find elasticities at the mean between 0.004 and 0.06, up to two-thirds of my estimates. These studies assign one air pollution measure to the whole study area, so their estimates suffer from measurement error.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Air pollution, avoidance behaviour and children's respiratory health: Evidence from England

Janke

2014

Journal of Health Economics

115

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Despite progress in air pollution control, concerns remain over the health impact of poor air quality. Governments increasingly issue air quality information to enable vulnerable groups to avoid exposure. Avoidance behaviour potentially biases estimates of the health effects of air pollutants. But avoidance behaviour imposes a cost on individuals and therefore may not be taken in all circumstances. This paper exploits panel data at the English local authority level to estimate the relationship between children's daily hospital emergency admissions for respiratory diseases and common air pollutants, while allowing for avoidance behaviour in response to air pollution warnings. A 1% increase in nitrogen dioxide or ozone concentrations increases hospital admissions by 0.1%. For the subset of asthma admissions -where avoidance is less costly -there is evidence of avoidance behaviour. Ignoring avoidance behaviour, however, does not result in statistically significant underestimation of the health effect of air pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Examples of non-European studies are Burnett et al (1994), who investigate admissions to Ontario hospitals, and Petroeschevsky et al (2001), who analyse data for Brisbane, Australia.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution, avoidance behaviour and children's respiratory health: Evidence from England

Janke

2014

Journal of Health Economics

115

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“…1,2,[16][17][18][19] With specific regard to Windsor, Ontario, for 1 day lagged exposures in certain subgroups, Lavigne et al also reported statistically significant associations between ambient air pollution levels and emergency visits for asthma. 20 Exposure to ambient air pollution in Windsor increases the risk of ED visits for asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergency department visits for asthma in relation to the Air Quality Health Index: A case-crossover study in Windsor, Canada

Szyszkowicz

Kousha

2014

Can J Public Health

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“…Seasonality has been controlled in several ways in previous studies: (1) by using different order continuous time terms and "indicator" variables (which are yearly, quarterly, and day-of-the-week variables), 25 (2) by including sine/cosine terms in the model, 26 (3) by including weighted moving averages or non-parametric smoothers of the dependent variables in the model, 27,28 or (4) by pre-filtering the data using different types of filters. [29][30][31][32] Schwartz and colleagues 33 provide a good summary of these approaches and suggest ways to check the adequacy of the seasonal controls.…”

Section: Seasonal Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Fine Fraction of Particulate Matter versus the Coarse Mass and Other Pollutants on Daily Mortality in Santiago, Chile

Cifuentes

Vega

Köpfer

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

194

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Daily counts of non-accidental deaths in Santiago, Chile, from 1988 to 1996 were regressed on six air pollutantsfine particles (PM 2.5 ), coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ), CO, SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 . Controlling for seasonal and meteorological conditions was done using three different modelsa generalized linear model, a generalized additive model, and a generalized additive model on previously filtered data. Single-and two-pollutant models were tested for lags of 1-5 days and the average of the previous 2-5 days.The increase in mortality associated with the mean levels of air pollution varied from 4 to 11%, depending on the pollutants and the way season of the year was considered. The results were not sensitive to the modeling approaches, but different effects for warmer and colder months were found. Fine particles were more important than coarse particles in the whole year and in winter, but not in summer. NO 2 and CO were also significantly associated with daily mortality, as was O 3 in the warmer months. No consistent effect was observed for SO 2 . Given particle composition in Santiago, these results suggest that combustion-generated pollutants, especially from motor vehicles, may be associated with increased mortality. Temperature was closely associated with mortality. High temperatures led to deaths on the same day, while low temperatures lead to deaths from 1 to 4 days later. IMPLICATIONSSignificant statistical associations were found between daily mortality in Santiago for 1988-1996 and several measures of ambient air pollution (PM 2.5 , PM 10-2.5 , CO, NO 2 , and O 3 ). The risks for PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and CO were comparable. PM 10-2.5 and O 3 were significant only during the warmer months. SO 2 did not show a consistent statistically significant risk. The results suggest that combustion sources may be responsible for increased mortality in Santiago.

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Effects of Low Ambient Levels of Ozone and Sulfates on the Frequency of Respiratory Admissions to Ontario Hospitals

Cited by 274 publications

References 0 publications

Air pollution, avoidance behaviour and children's respiratory health: Evidence from England

Air pollution, avoidance behaviour and children's respiratory health: Evidence from England

Emergency department visits for asthma in relation to the Air Quality Health Index: A case-crossover study in Windsor, Canada

Effect of the Fine Fraction of Particulate Matter versus the Coarse Mass and Other Pollutants on Daily Mortality in Santiago, Chile

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