Effects of Local Biomass Availability and Road Network Properties on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Biomass Supply Chain

Jäppinen, E.; Korpinen, Olli-Jussi; Ranta, T.

doi:10.5402/2011/189734

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nationwide analyses of the geospatial balance between supply and demand have also been published, based on large forest inventory databases and spatial information regarding heating and power plants (Nivala et al 2016;Athanassiadis and Nordfjell 2017;Anttila et al 2018). In the most basic GIS-based case studies the supply chain modelling consists of resource data for one type of feedstock and the calculation of transport distances for one type of vehicle, without any location-specific factors limiting the logistics (see Jäppinen et al 2011). As business has grown and competition for feedstock has increased in the real world, so the research methods and the quality of the data have been refined.…”

Section: Research Into the Development Of Biomass Supply Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial forest biomass supply chain analysis in Finland

Korpinen¹

2021

Diss. For.

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The forest biomass supply represents an important part of the value chain for different woodbased products, and its environmental impacts are also frequently crucial. The performance of biomass supply chains (BSCs) can be assessed for various purposes and using a variety of methodological approaches, either including or excluding spatial properties. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate what kind of spatial data are required and available for casespecific BSC analyses in Finland, and what would be suitable levels of spatial precision for the various approaches. This thesis consists of five papers, one of which reviews case studies carried out in various geographical BSC environments around the world, while the remaining four are spatial case studies of BSC systems in Finland, three of them focusing on bioenergy production and one assessing the performance of a novel pulpwood transportation concept. A geographical information system (GIS) was used as the principal tool in one study, while in the other three the role of GIS was to produce spatially analysed data for life-cycle assessment and agent-based simulation. The main conclusion is that a spatial precision of between 1 km and 10 km, where each point of origin represents roughly an area of 1-100 km 2 , is sufficient for forest biomass data in Finnish BSC systems. The final precision should be determined collectively by the setup of the case study, factors leading to complexity in the supply chain system and the geographical extent of the area concerned. Relative to many other parts of the world, Finland has a readily available high quality source of spatial data for BSC research. It is recommended that GIS-based research could be improved by adding dynamic properties and stochasticity to the models, because temporal variations in feedstock supply and demand will probably increase in the future.

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Section: Research Into the Development Of Biomass Supply Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial forest biomass supply chain analysis in Finland

Korpinen¹

2021

Diss. For.

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“…Unlike the capital and operation costs of conversion facility, cost of LCB feedstock is sensitive to spatial variation in the quantity and quality of lands between sites (Mooney et al, 2009;Noon, Zhan, and Graham, 2002). In addition, the attributes and the quality of the local transportation network affected the transportation cost and GHG emissions of a feedstock supply chain (Jäppinen, Korpinen, and Ranta, 2011;Yu et al, 2013). Most importantly, spatial factors such as the type of land converted to LCB feedstock production could have different implications to the economic and environmental performance of the feedstock supply chain.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply System in Tennessee: A Multiobjective Optimization Analysis

Yu¹,

Wang²,

English³

et al. 2014

J. Agric. Appl. Econ.

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A multiobjective optimization model integrating with high-resolution geographical data was applied to examine the optimal switchgrass supply system in Tennessee that considers both feedstock cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the system. Results suggest that the type of land converted into switchgrass production is crucial to both plant gate cost and GHG emissions of feedstock. In addition, a tradeoff relationship between cost and GHG emissions for the switchgrass supply is primarily driven by the type of land converted. The imputed cost of lowering GHG emissions in the feedstock supply system was also calculated based on the derived tradeoff curve.Biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is being advocated as an alternative to fossil-based transportation fuels in the United States. LCB-based biofuel production has the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector and to enhance rural economic activity through more intense use of agricultural lands (English et al., 2006). The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) established in 2005 and revised in the Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 mandates 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuel (other than ethanol derived from corn starch) available for transportation use by 2022 with 16 billion gallons to be produced from LCB feedstock (U.S. Congress, 2007). Based on the recently revised One Billion Ton Update study (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011), considerable LCB feedstock, including dedicated energy crops, will be required to fulfill this goal. Notwithstanding the potential availability of LCB feedstock to meet the mandate, the cost of LCB feedstock will be an important factor influencing the sustainability of an LCB-based biofuel industrial sector.

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“…Meanwhile, Selkimäki et al (2010) calculated a limit for the radius of transportation (300 km) for Swedish and Finnish scenarios. Jäppinen et al (2011) considered 50 km radius of transportation for woody biomass in Finland, as distances lower than 100 km for truck transportation could raise the transportation costs. The aforementioned works have the shortcoming of not reporting crop data from a specific geographic region (e.g., actual yearly sugarcane milling rate), and only few works deal with the collection of biomass into a specific location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Ammonia Production From Residual Bagasse Gasification: A Decarbonization Pathway for Nitrogen Fertilizers

2022

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This work evaluates the potential to produce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers by using sugarcane bagasse gasification in the São Paulo state, Brazil, aiming to increase the economic revenues and to decarbonize a chemical sector traditionally based on natural gas. The partial or total substitution of natural gas by consuming bagasse and enabling an intensive import of electricity from the Brazilian electricity mix is studied. The comparative assessment of the alternative production routes considers a reference case in which the residual bagasse is used only to generate surplus power at the cogeneration unit of the sugarcane mill, whereas ammonia is typically produced by consuming only natural gas. Unlike the conventional scenario, the proposed alternative routes employ surplus bagasse to produce ammonia. Regarding the unit exergy cost of ammonia, an increase between 50% and 100% is expected for the biomass-based routes (2.4498–3.1780 kJ/kJNH3) when compared to the conventional case (1.5866 kJ/kJNH3). In contrast, the net CO2 emissions balance of the alternative scenario achieve negative values (−2.5017 tCO2/tNH3), in comparison to the net CO2 positive emissions (1.75 tCO2/tNH3) of the conventional scenario. Additionally, the best location of the ammonia plant is nearby a sugarcane mill with a milling capacity of 10 Mt/y and 20 km far from another smaller sugarcane mill, in order to achieve an ammonia production potential of 1,200 tNH3/day. Concerning the economic analysis, if no carbon taxes are considered, the net present value (NPV) of the alternative scenarios drops up to 52%, compared to the conventional scenario. Finally, since 1.6 MtCO2/y can be avoided by using the residual bagasse as feedstock in the ammonia plant, the alternative scenarios become competitive vis-à-vis the conventional scenario in terms of NPV when carbon taxes of 40–50 USD/tCO2 are adopted. In the absence of carbon taxes, the drawback of the seasonality of the sugarcane crops (240 days of operation compared to 340 days for the conventional scenario) contributes to the decrease (39%–51%) of the NPV for the alternative scenarios.

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Effects of Local Biomass Availability and Road Network Properties on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Biomass Supply Chain

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Spatial forest biomass supply chain analysis in Finland

Spatial forest biomass supply chain analysis in Finland

Designing a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply System in Tennessee: A Multiobjective Optimization Analysis

Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Ammonia Production From Residual Bagasse Gasification: A Decarbonization Pathway for Nitrogen Fertilizers

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