Effects of liquid viscosity and surface tension on atomization in two-phase, gas/liquid fluid coker nozzles

Ejim, Chidirim; Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Amirfazli, A.; Fleck, Brian A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.005

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the velocity along the radial direction was exactly following the trend predicted by (Ejim et al, 2010). Along the spray centerline, the velocity was decreased sharply even at far points from the nozzle exit (Ferreira et al, 2001).…”

Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…For shorter injection time periods (100 and 200 ms), the velocity downstream was not following the general jet flow (Ejim et al, 2010). However, the velocity along the radial direction was exactly following the trend predicted by (Ejim et al, 2010).…”

Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The SMD was dropped from its initial high value of 103 to 82 µm after 400 ms of injection time. The reason of such decreasing trend in radial SMD was twofold (Dumouchel, 2008;Ejim et al, 2010). First, the jet breakup length increased and cone angle decreased with an increase in orifice diameter.…”

Section: Smd Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This trend contributed to an increase in breakup time and droplet size from the bigger orifices (Katoshevski, 2006). Second, at optimized temperature and pressure conditions, the highest Weber and Reynolds numbers associated with smaller orifice (FC-2) were assisting the fast growth of the surface waves over time and consequently the complete jet disintegration within shorter time intervals (Ejim et al, 2010;.…”

Section: Smd Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For longer time periods (300 and 400 ms), a steady decrease in velocity was seen in near nozzle (core region) and far nozzle regions (fully developed spray region), whereas the axial velocity was progressively decreasing along the centerline between these two regions (Ejim et al, 2010). A comparison of the velocity profiles from three nozzles at 400 ms of injection and different axial stations downstream is provided in Fig.…”

Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

Naz

Sulaiman

Man

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the time based spray evolution of chemically modified tapioca starch through three full cone nozzles namely FC-2, FC-3 and FC-3.5. The objective was to study the effect of temperature, viscosity and nozzle orifice diameter on spatio-temporal droplet size-velocity profiles of the sprayed material. Owing to high viscosity, the unheated spraying medium did not exhibit any breakup over time. However, pre-spray heating of the medium at 80°C caused immediate sheet breakup near nozzle exit point at injection pressure of 5 bar. The spray growth from FC-2 was relatively faster than other tested nozzles; the unstable sheet disintegrated into fully developed spray patterns after 250 ms of the injection time. Unlike FC-2, the jet from FC-3 and FC-3.5 exhibited steady breakup at early and late injection stages, however, relatively fast breakup was seen in the middle part of the spray stream. Phase Doppler Anemometry (DualPDA) data showed a linear increase in Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) with orifice size. At 140 mm downstream, the smallest SMD of 59 µm was obtained with FC-2 nozzle followed by FC-3 (65 µm) and FC-3.5 (83 µm). The overall SMD was decreased by 44.7% with an increase in orifice diameter from 1.19 to 1.59 mm. The droplet velocity in axial direction dropped sharply with time in the range of 100 to 300 ms, thereafter showed negligible decrease over time. Unlike this, the droplet velocity in the radial direction was dropping appreciably even after 300 ms of injection time.

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Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Smd Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Smd Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Droplet Velocity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

Naz

Sulaiman

Man

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Latest achievements in generalized Lorenz‐Mie theories: A commented reference database

Gouesbet

2014

Annalen der Physik

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Low‐temperature experimental model of liquid injection and reaction in a fluidized bed

Morales¹,

Jamaleddine²,

Berruti³

et al. 2016

Can J Chem Eng

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In several commercial processes, liquid is injected into a hot fluidized bed, where it undergoes a reaction that generates gases, vapours, and a solid residue. An example is Fluid Coking TM , where large agglomerates resulting from poor liquid-solid contacting during the liquid injection are undesirable. These agglomerates limit heat and mass transfer, leading to operating problems and a reduction in valuable product yield. Performing experiments in pilot plants for such processes is difficult because of the high required temperature, e.g. 550 8C for Fluid Coking. It is very difficult to determine the proportion of fresh coke residue in agglomerates recovered from a pilot plant, which is essential information for understanding agglomerate formation.This study presents a low-temperature experimental model that would be much easier and safer to use than a Fluid Coking pilot plant, while providing more information on agglomerate formation and breakup. A solution comprising Plexiglas TM dissolved in acetone and pentane is injected into a fluidized bed of sand particles at 68 8C to simulate heavy oil injection which, in Fluid Cokers TM , gives off gases and vapours, simulated by the vapours from the solvents in the Plexiglas solution, and a solid coke residue, simulated by the Plexiglas deposit on sand particles. The experimental model was tested with three separate methods that have been found to reduce agglomerates in commercial or pilot plant Fluid Cokers: increasing the flowrate of atomization steam in liquid spray nozzles, increasing the fluidization velocity, and increasing the bed temperature.

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Effects of liquid viscosity and surface tension on atomization in two-phase, gas/liquid fluid coker nozzles

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

Latest achievements in generalized Lorenz‐Mie theories: A commented reference database

Low‐temperature experimental model of liquid injection and reaction in a fluidized bed

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