Effects of lignin-based flame retardants on flame-retardancy and insulation performances of epoxy resin composites

Li, Chaohua; Wang, Bikui; Zhou, Longjing; Hou, Xi; Su, Shengpei

doi:10.1007/s13726-022-01052-w

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Based on the demand for environmental protection, biodegradable biomass materials from a wide range of sources have gained increasing attention from researchers [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Owing to their unique structures, many biomass materials have been used to prepare bio-based flame retardants, including phytic acid (PA) [ 24 , 25 ], chitosan [ 26 , 27 ], lignin [ 28 , 29 ], cashew phenols [ 30 , 31 ], and eugenol [ 32 ]. These bio-based flame retardants can be converted into intumescent flame retardants via the addition of phosphorus and nitrogen [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Flame-Retardant Curing Agent Based on Phytic Acid–Melamine Ion Crosslinking and Its Application in Wood Coatings

Wei,

Wang,

Zou

et al. 2024

Polymers

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To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based, intumescent, flame-retardant phytic acid–melamine polyelectrolyte (PM) was prepared using phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid and nitrogen-rich melamine as raw materials through an ion crosslinking reaction. Subsequently, a series of bio-based, flame-retardant wood coatings were prepared by optimizing the structure of urea–formaldehyde resin with the addition of melamine, sodium lignosulfonate, and PM as a flame-retardant curing agent. Woods coated with PM-containing coatings displayed significantly improved flame-retardant performances in comparison to uncoated woods. For PM-cured woods, the measured values of total heat release and total smoke production were 91.51% and 57.80% lower, respectively, compared with those of uncoated wood. Furthermore, the fire growth index decreased by 97.32%, indicating a lower fire hazard. This increase in flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance is due to the dense expanded carbon layer formed during the combustion of the coating, which isolates oxygen and heat. In addition, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant coatings cured with PM are similar to those cured with a commercial curing agent, NH4Cl. In addition, the prepared flame-retardant coating can also stain the wood. This study proves the excellent flame-retarding and curing effect of ammonium phytate in urea–formaldehyde resin coatings and provides a new approach for the application of bio-based flame retardants in wood coatings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Flame-Retardant Curing Agent Based on Phytic Acid–Melamine Ion Crosslinking and Its Application in Wood Coatings

Wei,

Wang,

Zou

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…In general, flame retardants are added to polymer materials to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials . The flame retardant systems mainly include mineral flame retardants, − halogen flame retardants, nitrogen flame retardants, − silicone flame retardants, − bio-based flame retardants − and phosphorus flame retardants. − Among them, a mineral flame retardant needs to be added in a large amount to achieve a flame retardant effect, which will have a certain influence on other properties of materials and halogen flame retardants are prohibited in many fields because of their high toxicity. The application of nitrogen flame retardants is limited due to their low thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

et al. 2022

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Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in our daily life, but it is flammable and produces a large number of toxic gases and hightemperature flue gases in the combustion process, which limit its application. Improving the flame retardancy of PS has become an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, in view of the disadvantage that small-molecule flame retardants can easily migrate from polymers during use, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect or even loss of flame retardant performance, and the outstanding advantages of ATRP technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we used ATRP technology to synthesize the high-molecular-weight bifunctional additive PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA, which has flame retardant properties and antistatic properties. The chemical structure and molecular weight of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA were characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, GPC, and XPS. When the addition of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA was 15 wt %, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polystyrene composites was 28.4%, which was 53.51% higher than that of pure polystyrene, the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) was 37.61% lower than that of pure polystyrene, UL-94 reached V-0 grade, and the flame retardant index (FRI) was 2.98. In addition, when the PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEEMA content is 15 wt %, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of polystyrene composites are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of polystyrene. This research work provides a reference for the design of bifunctional and even multifunctional polymers.

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Flame-retardant epoxy resin: synergistic effect between aluminum diethylphosphinate and piperazine pyrophosphate

Ding,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Iran Polym J

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Effects of lignin-based flame retardants on flame-retardancy and insulation performances of epoxy resin composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Preparation of a Flame-Retardant Curing Agent Based on Phytic Acid–Melamine Ion Crosslinking and Its Application in Wood Coatings

Preparation of a Flame-Retardant Curing Agent Based on Phytic Acid–Melamine Ion Crosslinking and Its Application in Wood Coatings

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

Flame-retardant epoxy resin: synergistic effect between aluminum diethylphosphinate and piperazine pyrophosphate

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